ORGANOTHERAPY AND HORMONOTHERAPY 147 



shown that such products can exert a more or less specific and beneficial 

 effect in human beings. 



In contrast to the doubtful or negative results of the administration of 

 testicular substance are the undoubted effects resulting from transplanta- 

 tion of these glands. Although long ago the experimental proof was 

 brought that such grafts could survive and, at least for a time, supply the 

 necessary amount of their internal secretion, the first operation of this 

 nature on a human being was that performed in 1912 by Hammond and 

 Sutton, who for cosmetic purposes grafted a testicle, removed from another 

 subject, onto the atrophied testicle of their patient. Since that time tes- 

 ticular transplantation has been performed a number of times by different 

 surgeons, notably by Lydston (a) (b) (c), for therapeutic indications. 

 The operation would appear to have, in many instances, produced results 

 on the sexual function and the general state of the patients, which can be 

 explained only on the assumption that the grafts have, for periods ranging 

 from a few months to several years, supplied a certain amount of internal 

 secretion. Among those reporting successes in this relatively new field 51 

 are Lydston, Morris, Lespinasse, Stanley and Lichtenstern (a) (b). While 

 this therapeutic procedure is still in the stage when the definite limits of 

 its indications and utility have not yet been established, the results reported 

 thus far are most suggestive. It would seem that among the many victims 

 of the great war there must be many who are fit and willing subjects for 

 the further testing' of the merits of this procedure. 



Ovarian Substances 



These are treated of in their therapeutic aspects elsewhere in these vol- 

 umes. 



Placenta 



Basch's conclusion that the preparation of the breasts for lactation 

 and the inauguration of this function are both due to a substance or sub- 

 stances formed or contained in the placenta, having been experimentally 

 corroborated by several other investigators, there appears to be some 

 ground for considering the placenta an organ of internal secretion and for 

 the administration of placental extract as a lactagog. 



A number of observers have reported favorable results from the oral 

 administration of such preparations to nursing mothers with a scanty milk 

 supply, but the evidence presented of its clinical value is not at all 

 convincing. 



In 1913 Miklas, after reviewing the experimental and clinical evidence 



" In the available medical literature I have found no other reference than that in 

 Voncken's article to Voronoff's work, which has been so exploited in the lay press. 



