FRANCIS M. POTTENGER 



1. The gastro-intestinal tract, both musculature and secreting 

 glands, excepting the esophagus, cardiac end of the stomach, and 

 sphincters. 



2. Those structures derived embryologically from the gastro- 

 intestinal tract, both musculature and secreting glands, such as: 



(a) The respiratory tract, 



(b) liver and gall bladder, 



(c) pancreas, 



(d) the body of the bladder and the muscles around the pros- 

 tate gland. 



3. Certain structures about the head: 



(a) The pupillary muscle, 



(b) the lacrimal glands, 



(c) salivary glands, 



(d) the gland and smooth musculature of the nose, sinuses, 

 mouth, and pharynx. 



STRUCTURES WITH STIMULATORY SYMPATHETIC AND INHIBITORY 

 PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION. The following structures are activated 

 by the sympathetics and inhibited by the parasympathetics : 



1. The sphincters of the gut and bladder. 



2. The trigone of the bladder. 



3. The urethra. 



The necessity for students of endocrinology being familiar with the 

 vegetative nerves and the action of each division upon the various tissues 

 is evident from the fact that some internal secretions act upon one divi- 

 sion, others upon the other, and some apparently upon both; and, since 

 many of the symptoms which result from altered secretions of the endocrin 

 glands depend upon the manner in which they affect the vegetative nerves, 

 it is absolutely essential for clinicians to bear in mind that symptoms on 

 the part of the vegetative structures must necessarily differ according to 

 the sensitiveness of the various nerve cells to stimuli. 



"Vagotonia" and "Sympathicotonia." The medical profession is in- 

 debted to Eppinger and Hess for a valuable contribution to clinical vegeta- 

 tive neurology in their conception of "vagotonia" and "sympathicotonia." 

 These clinicians have shown that by the physiologic difference in action of 

 the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the vegetative system 

 there may bo recognized two definite clinical groups, "sympathicotomc" 

 and "vagotonic," which are met constantly in practice. In certain groups 

 of men symptoms of predominant sympathetic stimulation exist, and in 

 others predominant parasympathetic stimulation. These different char- 

 acteristics depend on the fact that the two divisions of the vegetative sys- 

 tem are antagonistic in action in structures which are supplied by both, 

 and further, that each supplies certain structures alone. If the sympa- 



