PHYSIOLOGY AND EXPEBIMESTTAL PATHOLOGY 723 



and that the results following stalk separation should be ascribed to loss of 

 anterior lobe function rather than to separation of the stalk. 



Paulesco came to the conclusion as a result of his experimental work 

 that the hypophysis is essential to life; and that total hypophysectomy is 

 followed by death within a few hours. According to him the cortical 

 part of the anterior lobe is the part of the gland which is indispensable 

 to life. 



Those animals which survived the operation in which small portions 

 of the anterior lobe had been left behind apparently did not develop any 

 train of symptoms which might be likened to dystrophia adiposogenitalis 

 in man, for even small portions of the anterior lobe seem to be able to 

 supply enough secretion to maintain the normal metabolic processes of 

 the body. 



In 1909 Gushing and his associates published their first papers dealing 

 with the results of complete and partial hypophysectomies. Young animals 

 apparently survived total hypophysectomy longer than did older ones. 

 Total removal of the hypophysis was followed after some days or at the 

 latest after some weeks by a peculiar train of symptoms cachexia hypo- 

 physeopriva which terminated fatally. 



Partial removal of the anterior lobe is according to Gushing not incom- 

 patible with life. In some cases, however, partial removal is followed 

 by a peculiar train of symptoms. The animals become fat and apathetic 

 and lose sexual power, the hair falls out and the genital organs undergo 

 decided atrophic changes. There may be a transitory glycosuria and in 

 some instances there develops after the operation a marked polyuria which 

 is transitory. Polyuria will be discussed more at length when discussing 

 the effects of injections of hypophyseal extracts. The symptom-complex 

 which follows partial removal of the anterior lobe is quite comparable to 

 Frohlich's syndrome dystrophia adiposogenitalis as it appears in man, 

 due usually to interference with hypophyseal function from tumors de- 

 veloping in the gland proper, or pressure of tumors situated in the 

 neighborhood. 



Aschner in 1909 published a paper upon the results of removal of the 

 hypophysis in which the operation was performed through the buccal 

 route. He believed that some of the results of total hypophysectomy which 

 had been reported by Paulesco, Gushing and Biedl were due to injury of 

 the brain following the manipulations which were necessary to expose the 

 hypophysis by the temporal route. 



Some of Aschner's animals died within 8 days, as a result, he believes, 

 of removal of too much of the infundibulum. In the adult animals that 

 survived no special symptoms developed. The young animals, however, 

 developed a definite train of symptoms. They took on fat rapidly, became, 

 apathetic and did not bark, the genitalia did not develop or become 



