776 J. P. SIMOKDS 



Coagulation necrosis also occurs commonly in the central portions of 

 tumors of the hypophysis. 



Calcification may take place in the hypophysis, as in other organs, in 

 areas of necrosis. It is found more commonly in necrotic processes in 

 tumors than in areas of dead tissue resulting from other lesions. Extensive 

 calcification in tumors has been observed by Erdheim(&), Konjetzny, and 

 others. Kraus has described "calcareous degeneration" of the hypophy- 

 sis, and Bayon, in a cretin, observed a "sablous" transformation of 

 the hypophysis similar to that commonly found in the pineal gland. 

 Halliburton and Candler encountered a hypophysis in an insane person, 

 that was cystic and so infiltrated with lime salts that they were unable to 

 obtain sections for microscopic study. There was apparently nothing in 

 the clinical manifestations to indicate a lesion of the hypophysis. 



Degenerations 



Fatty Changes. The amount of fat and lipoids in the cells of the 

 anterior lobe of the hypophysis increase with age as pointed out by Erd- 

 heim(cO and Kraus(a). Virchow mentions fatty degeneration of the 

 glandular portion. Merkel found fatty degeneration in the peripheral 

 parts of an anemic infarct of the hypophysis. Thorn mentions fatty degen- 

 eration of the anterior lobe in a case of carcinoma, the site of which was 

 not stated. Schmidtmann describes fatty changes in the hypophyseal cells 

 in tuberculosis. Kraus (a) believes that the cell lipoids of the hypophysis 

 are not secretion products, but are an expression of depressed cell function; 

 and that the appearance of doubly refractile intracellular substances is an 

 indication of cell death. 



Hyaline degeneration is not uncommon in the walls of the vessels of 

 the hypophysis and in the connective tissue (Schmidtmann, Schmorl, and 

 others). This is especially true of those cases showing fibrosis, either 

 generalized or localized, as in ancient infarcts. 



Amyloid degeneration has been observed occasionally, and would prob- 

 ably bo found more frequently if the hypophysis were systematically 

 examined in those cases in which amyloid is present in other organs. 

 Simmonds(/) states that it is common in cases of general amyloidosis. 

 Schmidt (//) reports 4 cases of widespread amyloid degeneration, in one of 

 which he found it also in the hypophysis. Davidsohn, Schmidtmann, 

 and Pepere also mention its occurrence. Schilder has described its dis- 

 tribution in the hypophysis of a 45-year-old man who died of chronic tuber- 

 culosis of the lungs. There were widespread deposits of amyloid in many 

 organs of the body. In the hypophysis it was present in the walls of the 

 small blood vessels and capillaries to such an extent that in places it ex- 

 ceeded in amount that of the cells themselves and greatly narrowed the 



