PHYSIOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 115 



were noticed in the medulla during the first twenty-four hours. Two 

 months after the operation the suprarenal had been reduced to a yellowish- 

 brown body of about one-tenth normal size. Connective tissue had pretty 

 well replaced the cortex although here and there fragments of cortical 

 cells were seen. In certain special conditions where the circulation ap- 

 peared to be still preserved small groups of apparently normal cortical 

 cells were present. These were most apt to occur in the external part of the 

 glomerular layer. After two or three months no trace of medullary cells 

 was -to be found, connective tissue having replaced them. 



The symptoms produced by ligation of the efferent suprarenal vessels 

 has been studied by Koudintzeff. His animals survived sixteen to twenty- 

 four days. There was a progressive increase in contractions of the hind 

 limbs. At first the contractions were feeble and more frequent but as 

 they became violent they were rarer apparently on account of a partial 

 paralysis. The temperature was elevated continually. There appeared to 

 be a general intoxication and atrophy, the animal gradually decreasing in 

 weight. Death occurred during a convulsion. Goliakhowski's observa- 

 tions led him to conclude that the results from tying the suprarenal veins 

 were the same as those from suturing the gland. He observed diarrhea, 

 hyperexcitability, exaggerated reflexes, loss in weight; later, lowered 

 sensibility, apathy, paralysis and gradual fall in temperature. The syn- 

 drome appeared to be similar to that of Addison's disease. 



Because of the small rete of vessels connecting the suprarenals with 

 the kidney in the cat it is possible to tie off the suprarenal veins without 

 complete occlusion of the circulation (Fig. 4, page 401). Hartman and 

 Blatz used these animals in an attempt to produce suprarenal insufficiency. 



One animal lived forty-eight days after obstructing all exits from 

 both suprarenals excepting the kidney rete. No noticeable symptoms 

 developed except muscular weakness just before death. Epinephrin 

 was present in the medulla (chromaffin reaction). Removal of one supra- 

 renal and occlusion of the veins from the other caused death in two days 

 in another cat. The suprarenal was found congested with blood as were 

 also the superficial veins of the kidney on the same side. 



Other experiments were tried in which only the common lumbo-adrenal 

 vein was tied off, centrally, the vein from the lumbar muscles being left 

 intact. An animal operated upon in this way after removal of one gland 

 lived for 128 days. This animal developed a chronic condition which 

 caused the appearance of characteristic symptoms. After several days the 

 hair on the ears and face began to fall out and at forty-six days eruptions 

 appeared on the skin of the face. A little before this a red coloration de- 

 veloped on the inner side of both forelegs. The cat began to cry inces- 

 santly and lost weight. 



Sixty-eight days after the operation the weight had dropped from 2.50 

 kgm. to 2.06 kgm. The animal was not so active, largely on account of 



