156 



G, K STEWAET 



epinephrija. in reactions associated with the expression of the emotions. 

 For all this in the opinion of the present writer there is no foundation. 



Stewart and Rogon c (e) (s) (1917, 1919) were Unable to observe any dif- 

 ference in the behavior of cats, dogs and monkeys after interference with 

 the epinephrin output, or in the case of rabbits after removal of the supra- 

 renals. Of course animals, if wild or frightened at first, became tame 

 after the operation and as they grew accustomed to their surroundings. 

 But it would require a lively imagination to connect any change of this 



Fig. 23. Intestine tracings. At 3, 5, and 7, Ringer's solution was replaced by 

 jugular blood (from a dog), and this was replaced at 4 by a suprarenal blood specimen, 

 collected after 1 hour of exposure and manipulation of the intestines, the blood pres- 

 sure being 68 mm. of mercury ; at 6 by a suprarenal specimen, collected before exposure 

 of the intestines, with blood pressure 90 mm. of mercury; and at 8 by a suprarenal 

 specimen, collected after 2 hours and 20 minutes' exposure of the intestines, the pressure 

 being 55 mm. of mercury. All the blood specimens were diluted with 3 volumes of 

 Ringer's solution. The detailed assay did not show any sensible difference in the rate 

 of output in the different specimens, the increasing concentration in the latter speci- 

 mens being due simply to a correspondingly diminished blood flow as the pressure con- 

 tinued to sink. (Reduced to one-half.) (After Stewart and Rogoff, Am. J. Physiol.) 



kind with the loss of epinephrin. Hoskins and Wheelon (1914), who 

 completely ligated the suprarenals in dogs, were unable to confirm the 

 finding of Gautrelet and Thomas in regard to the depression of excitability 

 of the sympathetic system. Hoskins(/) (1915), however, observed in dogs, 

 from 1 to 8 days after removal of one-half to seven-tenths of the supra- 

 renal tissue, that the pressor reaction to nicotin was diminished. The re- 

 action to adrenalin was not similarly affected. As is pointed out by Hos- 

 kins, it cannot be concluded from these observations that the depression 

 <>f tho irritability of the sympathetic system is specifically related to the 

 loss of the suprarenal substance, still less to diminution in the epinephrin 

 output. Elliott found no change in decapsulated cats till the animals were 

 moribund, when nicotin caused only a slight rise of pressure. 



