RELATION 'SUPRARENAL GLANDS TO CIRCULATION 217 



outflow consistently supported the reports of previous investigators that 

 epinephrin causes a decrease. 



Hartman- and Lang subsequently reinvestigated the problem. They 

 perfused the kidneys of two dogs, obtaining both constrictor and dilator 

 effects, though constrictor effects predominated. Applying epinephrin 

 directly to the semilunar ganglion in a rabbit gave only constrictor effects 

 in the kidney. In cats no 

 distinct vasomotor reac- 

 tions in the kidneys could 

 be obtained by hypoder- 

 matic injections of epi- 

 nephrin (0.5 mg.). 



The sum total of avail- 

 able evidence fails to sup- 

 port convincingly the 

 theory that epinephrin di- 

 uresis is due to a dilator 

 effect of this drug in the 

 kidney. On the other 

 hand, the data do not defi- 

 nitely exclude the possi- 

 bility that such may be the 

 case in normal unanesthe- 

 tized animals. In view 

 of the evidence that epi- 

 nephrin in . doses causing 

 renal vasoconstriction de- 

 presses urine formation ; 

 that epinephrin adminis- 

 tered subcutaneously, and, 



consequently, absorbed 



O i , TT i r ^ ! 



slowly, causes polyuria; 



and that in anesthetized 



,r,'ol 1 J-i 



animals renal vasodilata- 



Fig. 9. Graph showing contraction of the kid- 

 de 



ney under the influence of a pressor dose of epineph- 

 ril j, 4 . c .c. 1:100,000 solution by vein. Pulse and 

 blood-pressure records from femoral artery. Dog 

 weighed 18 kilos. Time, 5 seconds. (After Hoskins 

 and g Gunningj Am . j. Physiol.) 

 tion has occasionally been 



reported following the administration of epinephrin in high dilutions or 

 as a secondary reaction with larger quantities, the theory is not untenable 

 that in normal animals epinephrin in relatively small quantities causes 

 dilatation in the kidneys. The problem demands further study. 



Effects on the Circulation of the Intestine. As in case of various of 

 the other organs previously discussed, the first observations on the effects 

 of suprarenal extracts on intestinal circulation were made by Oliver and 

 Schafer. They made no direct determinations but concluded from inspec- 

 tion that vasoconstriction in the gut wall results from the intravenous in- 



