.240 FRANK A. HARTMAN 



animals. But when the motor sympathetics are paralyzed by ergotoxin, 

 epinephrin causes relaxation of the ferret's bladder. 



Epinephrin parallels the action of faradic stimulation of the hypo- 

 gastrics. As an illustration Elliott (&) cites two abnormal cases of cats 

 which failed to give the typical bladder response to spinephrin ; likewise it 

 was found that stimulation of the hypogastric nerves in these individuals 

 failed to inhibit the bladder. In most cats electrical stimulation of the 

 hypogastric nerve causes a brief contraction of the fundus of the bladder 

 followed by marked relaxation of the bladder and a very marked con- 

 traction of the urethra. 



Epinephrin increases the rate of contraction and tonicity of the ureter, 

 more particularly the upper portion (Satani). A quiescent ureter can be 

 revived and started to beat by the addition of one drop of 1 : 10,000 epineph- 

 rin in 50 c.c. of Locke's solution (Macht). After previous administra- 

 tion of ergotoxin epinephrin inhibits the ureteral contractions. 



Response of the Genital Organs. Inasmuch as the genital organs 

 receive nerves from the ilumbar sympathetic, response to epinephrin 

 would be expected. 



Intravenous doses of epinephrin cause contraction of the external 

 genital organs the blood vessels being constricted at the same time. The 

 tunica dartos of the testicle on the other hand relaxes under the same in- 

 fluence (Lieben(fr)). 



Epinephrin causes increased activity of the vas deferens (dog, guinea 

 pig and sheep) and also increases the tone of the prostate -(Waddell(a) ). 



It has been shown by Waddell(fr) that freshly excised seminal vesicles 

 of the rat and guinea pig undergoing rhythmic movement in isotonic salt 

 solution increase their activity both in tone and rhythmicity under the 

 influence of epinephrin (see Langley(tt) also). 



Both the circular and longitudinal musculatures of the vagina of rab- 

 bits, dogs, hogs and sheep are stimulated by epinephrin, while those of cats, 

 rats, guinea pigs and cows are depressed. It is supposed that the motor 

 sympathetic irmervation is more powerful in the former and the in- 

 hibitory in the latter (Waddell(rZ) ). 



The effect of epinephrin upon the uterus is very striking. Biedl(g) 

 says that the intravenous injection of epinephrin produces a degree of 

 uterine anemia and a violence of contraction, not obtained through the 

 action of any other substance. In pregnant animals, abortion was fre- 

 quently caused by such injections. This substance not only stimulates the 

 uterus to activity but increases its excitability so that physiological or 

 artificial nervous stimuli become more effective. 



Because of the marked contraction produced injections of epinephrin 

 have been used in obstetrics to reduce the size of the uterus and at the 

 same time to check hemorrhage (Neu). Injection into the uterus itself 

 avoids the bad results which mav arise from intravenous administration. 



