PHYSIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AJSTD PATHOLOGY 555 



the central portion was again found to contain follicles. Halban and 

 Limon found that transplantation of ovaries produced normal develop- 

 ment (young guinea pigs) and prevented uterine atrophy (rabbits). 



Magnus in 1907 reported the birth of young on the part of a black 

 rabbit, the ovaries of which had been removed and replaced by those of 

 a white rabbit. The markings of the young indicated a "foster mother" 

 influence (i. e., an influence of the animals into which the ovaries were 

 grafted). Guthrie (a) in the same year successfully transplanted ovaries 

 from hen to hen. Such fowls laid eggs which were hatched. The chicks 

 partook of some of the foster-mother's characters. 



Carmichael has recorded some success from experiments in which the 

 ovaries of rabbits were transplanted to abnormal positions in the same 

 individual (autoplastic transplantation), but there is no evidence in those 

 cases that the transplanted organs exercised any effect in the direction of 

 preventing the degeneration of the uterus. 



Marshall and Jolly (1905, 1907) employed rats to see whether any 

 changes could be found in the uterus after transplantation of the ovaries 

 into new situations. In other cases the ovaries were simply removed (con- 

 trols). The animals were killed and examined at intervals of from one 

 to fourteen months after operation. In the control animals pronounced 

 fibrosis or other atrophic appearances were always found in the uterus. 

 But in the animals in which ovaries had been successfully transplanted 

 into abnormal positions, the uterus was found unchanged. In homoplastic 

 transplantations also uterine degeneration was prevented by a successful 

 ovarian graft. 



The transplanted ovaries were normal, except that the germinal epi- 

 thelium was absorbed. In some cases some degree of degeneration oc- 

 curred, and the stroma might be normal, while the follicles had disap- 

 peared, or most of the tissue remaining might be luteal. The transplanted 

 ovaries showed the same cyclical changes as the normal ovaries. Thus, in 

 animals killed shortly before the beginning of the breeding season large 

 follicles were found in the grafts, while at a later period corpora lutea 

 were present, showing that ovulation had occurred in the transplanted 

 ovaries. In one case an autoplastic graft was found to be normal after 

 fourteen months, while a normal homoplastic graft was composed entirely 

 of healthy ovarian tissue (with follicles and ova) after six months. In 

 these experiments the ovaries were grafted into the substance of the 

 kidneys. 



Autoplastic transplantation was found to be more easily carried out 

 than homoplastic. The most successful homoplastic operations were ob- 

 tained when two rats from the same litter were employed. 2 A. Louise 

 Mcllroy (d) found that ovarian grafts prevent atrophy of the uterus for a 

 certain time only, but that ultimately degeneration takes place in the 



e See also Herlitzka (a) (1000), Foa (a) ( 1000) . Sctuiltz (1000) and Sauve (1010), 



