716 A. S. WARTHIN 





 createctomy in cats the terminal increase in hyperglycemia is due to a 



diminution in the permeability of the kidneys. This probably explains 

 the excessive rise in blood sugar prior to the development of coma. 

 A double nephrectomy in depancreatized animals causes a rapidly pro- 

 gressive hyperglycemia which is largely due to the gradual mobilization 

 of carbohydrates from th a liver and muscles. Kennedy and Burge 

 found that the extirpation of the pancreas decreases the catalase content 

 of the liver by about 75 per cent, resulting in a decreased output of 

 catalase into the blood and a lessened supply to the tissues. The de- 

 creased catalase content of the latter may account for the imperfect oxida- 

 tion in diabetes. The pancreas may form an internal secretion which is 

 carried to the liver and increases the formation of catalase in this organ. 

 Sajous (1917) regards the splenopancreatic internal secretion as repre- 

 sented by the trypsin which reaches the portal vein by way of the splenic 

 vein, and which continues in the blood-stream the cleavage processes 

 begun in the intestinal canal. He considers the main function of this 

 secretion tO' be the protection of the organism from the effects of the toxic 

 derivatives of albuminoid bodies of endogenous or exogenous origin, in- 

 cluding toxins. 



Palmer says there is no difference in the amount of dextrose in normal 

 or diabetic tissues due to variation in the manner of producing hyper- 

 glycemia, whether by mouth, subcutaneously, intravenously or intraperi- 

 toneally. The concentration of dextrose in tissues varies directly with 

 the degree of hyperglycemia. Lepine (1918) states that the sugar con- 

 tained in the blood after pancreatectomy disappears on warming less 

 rapidly than that in the blood of a normal dog, all sources of error 

 avoided. The stimulation of nerves to the pancreas has the effect of 

 increasing glycolysis in the blood withdrawn later. Ligature of the duct 

 also increases it as the result of the increased absorption of the internal 

 secretion caused by the increased pressure in the small ducts. The greater 

 part of the internal secretion passes into the lymphatics. He further holds 

 that all tissues contain two distinct substances concerned in the utilization 

 of sugar, one an intracellular enzyme decomposing the sugar molecule, the 

 other a thermostabile substance that has the power of activating the 

 former. This he regards as produced chiefly but not exclusively by the 

 pancreas, 



Auer and Kleiner found that the subcutaneous injection of morphin 

 sulphate in dogs with a pancreatic deficiency causes a rise in glycemia 

 four times as great as that produced in normal dogs. As such animals are 

 in a prediabetic state this morphin tost may become of value in detecting 

 a lowered carbohydrate metabolism in the human subject. 



Koskins and (miming state that after pancreatectomy in the dog the 

 blood pressure remains either normal or somewhat depressed. Reactions 

 to standard injections of adrenin are usually augmented, while those to 



