INTERRELATION OF THE EXDOCRIN ORGANS 929 



result in one group of 11 chickens, but subsequently obtained negative 

 results in two other series of experiments. Simpson (1920) also obtained 

 completely negative results. 



It is thus seen that the trend of the evidence indicates, though by 

 no means conclusively, that the administration of hypophyseal substance 

 causes some degree of stimulation of the gonads. There is available 

 some clinical evidence also tending toward the same conclusion. Stelwagen 

 (1916) reported the cure or amelioration of several cases of impotence in 

 the male from pituitary medication. In view of the marked effect which' 

 mere suggestion may have in such cases, however, little stress can be placed 

 upon these observations. Goetsch (1917) mentioned several clinical cases 

 in which such conditions as irregular menstruation, amenorrhea and ster- 

 ility were greatly benefited by the use of hypophyseal extracts. The res- 

 toration of menstruation, following the use of pituitary extract, after 

 12 years of amenorrhea, was reported by Jona (1916). In other cases, 

 however, the use of hypophyseal substance has had the effect of depress- 

 ing menstruation. A case was reported by Ebaugh and Hoskins (1921) 

 in which hypophyseal combined with thyroid and suprarenal feeding 

 seemed to bring about testicular development in a boy of 16 with marked 

 infantilism. 



In addition to the clinical evidence of infantilism associated with dis- 

 orders of the hypophysis, there is available experimental evidence that 

 hypophyseal deficiency results in a depression of the sex functions. Gush- 

 ing (1912) has cited some instances of this. Bell, in his monograph, 

 also supplies evidence along the same line. Houssay (1916) had the 

 problem under investigation for several years. He found that in young- 

 dogs that survived the operation genital arrest or retardation was char- 

 acteristic. In adults testicular atrophy occurred in all cases in which 

 there was ablation or extensive lesion of the whole gland or of the anterior 

 lobe alone. Doubt has recently been cast upon the adequacy of such data, 

 however, by Camus and Roussy (1920). These investigators have found 

 it possible to produce well-marked genital infantilism in experimental ani- 

 mals merely by injuring the tissues at the base of the brain near the 

 hypophysis, but leaving that organ intact. The whole problem of the 

 relation of the hypophysis to the sex organs is obviously in need of 

 further investigation. 



The effect of castration upon the hypophysis has been studied by a 

 number of investigators, Cecca (1904) briefly reported negative results 

 in both sexes. Fichera (a) (1905) studied the matter somewhat extensively 

 in 65 animals, cocks, buffalo, cattle, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. He observed 

 well-marked hypertrophy of the anterior lobe o/ the hypophysis, together 

 with a hyperplasia of the eosinophil cells. In 3 capons he found that 

 injections of testicular extracts caused a rapid disappearance of the 

 eosinophilic substance. Fich era's results seemed well established and 



