Hints on Vegetable and Fruit Farming. 27 



advantage. Rags, fur waste, and refuse manure are used in 

 plantations. As to the sorts of apples much must depend upon 

 the locality. As a rule, however, the following may be planted : 

 — Foi" cooking purposes, the Early Julien (ready in August) ; 

 Keswick Codlin (September) ; Manx's Codlin (September) ; Lord 

 Suffield, a famous apple (September and October) ; Cellini Pippin 

 (September). The Ecklinville Seedling, Old Hawthorndeh, 

 Stone's Apple, or Loddington Seedling, New Hawthornden — 

 a capital apple, follow on in November ; and for the winter 

 months, keeping up to the spring, there are none better than the 

 Blenheim Orange, Northern Greening, Lady Henniker, Golden 

 Noble, Lord Derby, — a magnificent apple, Winter Queening, 

 Grenadier, Wellington, Warner's King, Norfolk Beaufin, and 

 Gooseberry Pippin. Among dessert apples, the best and earliest 

 is Mr. Gladstone, a new and beautifully-coloured fruit, ripe in 

 August. The Red Juneating, the Early Strawberry — a perfect 

 picture, and the Red Quarrenden, also handsome, are ripe in 

 September. For September and October the sorts would be the 

 Worcester Pearmain, one of the most brilliantly-coloured apples 

 that can be seen ; the Red Astrachan, a lovely combination of 

 red and white ; and the Summer Nonpareil ; and for keeping, 

 the Ribston Pippin, Cox's Orange Pippin and the Margil, both 

 these last being of exquisite flavour, exceeding that of the 

 American New Town Pippin ; Court of Wick, Claygate Pear- 

 main, Mannington Pearmain, King Pippin and Blenheim 

 Orange, Gascoyne's Seedling and the Golden Kftob. Some of 

 these, notably Lord Suffield, Stones and Keswick Codlin, come 

 into bearing after a year or two. In ten years there would be 

 a good return from most of the trees, if they had been well- 

 selected, well-planted, and properly managed. Half-standards 

 are sometimes put in plantations. These trees should be formed 

 by working upon a stock known as the Doucin, which exercises 

 a dwarfing influence upon the habit of growth, and causes early 

 fruiting. These stocks are worked close to the ground, whereas, 

 in the case of standards, the crab- or apple-stocks, grown from 

 pips, are worked standard high. The trees may be allowed to 

 grow up with a single stem as high as it is wished, and a head 

 formed as in standards ; while the side growth should not be cut 

 away, but pruned, or tipped, and its growth regulated according 

 to fancy. The advantages of these, both for gardens and planta- 

 tions made by tenants, are that they come to fruit quickly, that 

 they may be set much more closely together, and are less liable 

 to cankered disease, and that the fruit is finer. Their cost is 

 about the same as that of standards, and they may be set 16 feet 

 apart each way without any fear of crowding, if they are war- 

 ranted to be upon the proper Doucin stocks. For gardens apple- 



