70 



GRAHAM U'SK 



The interior of the apparatus was connected with a Pettenkofer-Voit 

 respiration apparatus. The heat measured by direct calorimetry agreed 

 within a fraction of one per cent with the heat calculated from the mot:il>- 

 olism products by indirect calorimetry. \ 7 oit, when he heard of this 

 triumph of technic, remarked that it was the greatest discovery in its 



way since the invention 

 of the thermometer. 



Rubner's insistence 

 upon the importance of 

 the energy relations was 

 especially upheld in his 

 volume, "Die Gesetze 

 des Energieverbrauchs 

 bei der Ernaliruiig," 

 published in 1902. On 

 account of the difficulty 

 of the style of presenta- 

 tion adopted in this 

 book it was some time 

 before its suggest iveness 

 was appreciated. En- 

 tirely different in style 

 and finely written in his 

 more popular "Kraft 

 und Stoff in Haushalt 

 der Natur," published 

 in 1909. 



Rubner is a man 

 who finds his relaxation 

 among artists and can 

 himself paint a picture ; 

 a man of great talents 

 and fine personality. It 

 is interesting to note 



that his advice on the food problems was largely disregarded by the 

 German authorities during the war (1914-18), and that his prophecies 

 regarding what would happen were fulfilled. 



Nathan Zuntz (1847-1920). No history of metabolism would be 

 complete without mention of Zuntz, in his early days a pupil and assistant 

 of Pfliiger, a practitioner of medicine for ten years, and long chief of the 

 agricultural college in Berlin. Zuntz studied the metabolism by means 

 of the gas analysis of the expired air obtained in short periods, and devised 

 a portable apparatus for the measurement of the metabolism of a man 

 walking at the sea level or on the snow fields of Monte Rosa. He made 



Fig. 8. Max Rubner. 

 New York in 1912. 



From a photograph taken in 



