750 HENRY G. BAEBOUR 



aged kidneys. He states that the glycolytic power of muscles and liver 

 was low, that of the serum high. 



Marshall and Rowntree demonstrated a decreased tolerance for galac- 

 tose and levulose in phosphorus-poisoned dogs. 



Protein Metabolism. Storch first observed profoundly increased nitro- 

 gen excretion in phosphorus poisoning, finding a surplus of 200 per 

 cent at times. Badt and others substantiated the increased catabolism. 

 In fasting dogs poisoned by phosphorus, Lusk, Ray and MacDermott found 

 the protein metabolism increased by from 83 to 183 per cent. They con- 

 trasted this gain with that obtained under phlorhizin which varied from 

 240 to 440 per cent. In the latter case, if phosphorus was given subse- 

 quently there was no further essential increase in protein metabolism. This 

 was interpreted to mean that phlorhizin glycosuria is the predominating 

 factor in such an experiment and that the anti-autolytic enzymes are in- 

 hibited rather by lactic acid than by the direct influence of phosphorus. 



Lusk believes that "phosphorus may affect the conditions which lead 

 to the oxidation of the lactic acid derived from glucose, and the accumu- 

 lation of this acid may prevent the action of some of the deaminating 

 enzymes; and further its non-combustion may necessitate an increase of 

 protein metabolism." 



Rettig has shown that a diet rich in carbohydrates prevents the in- 

 creased protein catabolism. Simonds(&) advocates the use of a sugar diet 

 in the treatment of phosphorus poisoning, not only as a source of energy, 

 but also to inhibit abnormal enzyme action. 



The anomalies of the protein metabolism in phosphorus poisoning in- 

 clude the appearance in the urine of amino-acids, especially leucin, tyrosin, 

 cystin, and sometimes peptone-like substances. Gottlieb and Bondzynski, 

 who first demonstrated that oxyproteic acid' is a normal urinary con- 

 stituent, found it increased in phosphorus poisoning. Mendel and Schnei- 

 der found cynurenic acid increased. Wakeman has noted changes in the 

 relative amounts in the liver of the basic amino-acids, histidin, arginin 

 and lysin. 



Lusk found the uric acid and creatinin excretion unchanged. 



In Marshall and Rowntree's studies of the blood of phosphorus- 

 poisoned dogs, non-protein nitrogen, urea, and amino-acids were all found 

 increased. They noted a terminal acidosis. 



Hauser showed that phosphorus inhibits the synthesis of hippurates. 



Acid-Base Metabolism. Hans Meyer and others have found the car- 

 bon dioxid content of the blood and the titration alkalinity markedly 

 diminished. Besides the lactic acid, Meyer inculpates the sulphuric and 

 phosphoric acids derived from protein. 



Mineral Metabolism. Welsch found the excretion of phosphates and 

 sulphates increased, but that of chlorids diminished. Kast, however, 



