EFFECTS OF CERTAIN DRUGS AND POISONS Y77 



liver glycogen. MacLeod failed to produce glycosuria either by asphyxia 

 or by curare in Eck-nstula dogs after ligation of the hepatic artery. 

 Since, however, he was unable to prevent curare glycosuria entirely by 

 employing adequate artificial respiration, some other factor besides 

 asphyxia must be involved. 



Diminution in the total metabolism was claimed by Rohrig and N. 

 Zuntz and others, who found a decrease of fifty per cent in the respiratory 

 exchange of rabbits. But O. Frank, Voit and Gebhard found no essential 

 difference between normal and curarized dogs when precautions were 

 taken to keep the body temperature from falling. Tangl has recently 

 confirmed this observation. 



The nitrogen metabolism has been stated to be reduced by curare, 

 but this effect appears to have been simulated by a simple delay in excre- 

 tion (Voit). 



Body Temperature. The experiments of Rohrig and Zuntz were the 

 first in which it became clear that curarized mammals become poikilo- 

 thermic at ordinary room temperatures. 



Krogh states that the curve of oxygen absorption as influenced by 

 body temperature is the same in anesthetized cold-blooded animals as 

 in the curarized dog. 



Cocain. Body Temperature and Heat Production. The hyper- 

 thermia which cocain induces, while accompanied by greatly increased 

 muscular movements, can best be accounted for by the loss of much fluid 

 from the blood. (Unpublished work of the author.) The temperature 

 rise, according to Mosso, can be prevented by curare or chloral but not by 

 the antipyretics. In dogs Reichert found that ten milligrams of cocain per 

 kilo given subcutaneously caused in one hour a mean maximum increase 

 of 146.9 per cent in heat produced and a mean maximum rise of 1.81 in 

 temperature. He observed that cocain is sufficiently powerful to counter- 

 act the profound depressant actions of morphin upon heat production and 

 body temperature. The action is a central one, not occurring in the absence 

 of the cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia. 



In one experiment by Kopciowski in a fasting human subject a small 

 dose of cocain diminished the carbon dioxid output by thirteen per 

 cent. 



Nitrogen and Fat Metabolism. Maestro described a nitrogen reten- 

 tion in rabbits associated with oliguria. Large doses (20 milligrams per 

 kilo), as shown by Underbill and Black, lower both nitrogen and fat 

 utilization in dogs. 



Carbohydrate Metabolism. Cocain glycosuria occurs infrequently. 

 Schaer states that the hyperglycemia, in cats at least, when present is 

 due to excitement. In well-fed dogs and rabbits, but not in the starving 

 condition, Underbill and Black found a marked increase in the lactic 

 acid of the urine. They were inclined to associate this with muscular 



