782 HENKY G. BAEBOTJR 



attention since its discovery by Blum. Hyperglycemia was observed by 

 Zuelzer, Yosburgh and Richards and others. Doyon, Morel and Kareff 

 showed that glycogen is simultaneously lost from the liver. Iwanoff dem- 

 onstrated that epinephrin perfused through surviving livers stimulates 

 sugar formation, thus showing that the point of action is peripheral. The 

 glycosuria is not asphyxial, but nervouc stimulation of the adrenals may 

 contribute to asphyxial glycosuria. (MacLeod and Pearce.) 



Pollak(a) finds that epinephrin glycosuria fails after repeated injec 

 tions, as the glycogen becomes exhausted. Kuriyama has shown that epi- 

 nephrin does not interfere with the storage of glycogen by the liver, earlier 

 investigators having neglected the factor of malnutrition in their animals. 



Lusk demonstrated that epinephrin does not influence the oxidation of 

 injected glucose; in dogs the respiratory quotient rises to unity either 

 with or without the drug. Furthermore, Fuchs and Roth obtained the 

 following respiratory quotients in human beings with subcutaneous injec- 

 tions of epinephrin alone: 



Before: 0.85-0.87; during effect, 0.91-0.96; after, 0.84-0.86. 



Evans and Ogawa from experiments, upon isolated mammalian hearts 

 concluded that epinephrin does not alter the power of the tissues to use 

 carbohydrate. 



Protein Metabolism. Lusk has shown that there is no significant 

 change in the protein metabolism after epinephrin. The urea changes 

 noted are apparently due to renal effects. Addis, Barnett, and Shevky 

 observed increases in urea after subcutaneous injections of epinephrin ; but 

 large amounts of the drug decreased the urea excretion of dogs. Uric acid 

 and allantoin excretion are stimulated by large doses, according to Falta. 



Mineral Metabolism. Bulcke and Weiss described an inhibition of 

 sodium chlorid excretion under epinephrin. Schittenhelm and Schlecht 

 found that in "war edema" epinephrin (which apparently failed to raise 

 the blood pressure under the conditions) had a tendency to lower the 

 excretion of water and of chlorids. 



Growth. Chambers observed that suprarenal extract increases the 

 rate of division in paramecia. 



E pinephrinemia from Drugs. Stewart and Rogoff(a) have recently 

 described an increased output of epinephrin from the adrenal glands under 

 the influence of a variety of drugs. These results must often be taken 

 into account in the interpretation of the action of such substances. 



Thyroid Gland Substance. To combat the effects of thyroid defi- 

 ciency the administration of thyroid gland substance offers one of the 

 most striking achievements of modern therapeutics. The first patient 

 thus treated has just died at the age of seventy-one after enjoying twenty- 

 eight years under continuous treatment by Murray. The isolation of 

 thyroxin by Kendall has made available a crystalline substance the chemi- 

 cal structure of which is under investigation. 



