858 



HENRY A. MATTILL 



Cal. thus expended, 44 were given out during the first minute, 21 in the 

 subsequent one and one-half minutes, and the subject was 0.3 warmer at 

 the end. In a bath at 26.75 C.'for fifteen minutes the heat loss in the 

 three successive five-minute periods was 43, 17, and 17 calories. An ab- 

 normal loss of heat therefore takes place before physical regulation be- 

 comes entirely efficient and the cooling of the skin itself tends to reduce 

 heat loss. This investigator also found that when his patients were real 

 cooled down, if no "reaction" occurred heat loss after the bath continuec 

 to decrease and heat production also. With a prompt "reaction" a diminu- 

 tion in heat loss could not be observed. 



TABLE II 



Rubner's(fc) experiments on the effects of baths and douches given in 

 Table II show the marked effect of douches as compared with baths 

 at the same temperature (compare mechanical stimulation below) and the 

 respiratory quotient indicates that carbohydrates were the source of the 

 extra energy expended. The experiments of Lusk in which men in a post- 

 absorptive condition bathed in water at 10-16 C. are summarized in 

 Table III. The shivering induced caused a fall in the respiratory quo- 

 tient to the fasting level indicating complete exhaustion of the stores of 

 glycogen ; in one muscular individual this did not obtain. Severe shiver- 

 ing in one case produced a respiratory quotient of 0.67, indicating the 

 formation of glycogen from protein, but there are no data on nitrogen 

 elimination. 



TABLE III 





Observers agree that the extra energy called out by ordinary cold baths 

 comes from non-nitrogenous material only. When body temperature falls 

 and warm-blooded animals, obeying the laws to which cold-blooded ani- 



