164 



FRANKLIN C. McLEAN 



TABLE VI 



CHEMICAL CHAEACTEBISTICS OF TRANSUDATES 

 ( Boden ) 



either higher or lower than that of the serum, but the total conductivity 

 is not subject to such wide fluctuations, and usually closely approximates 

 that of normal serum. Carlson, Greer, and Luckhardt studied the compo- 

 sition of normal lymph, obtained from the neck lymphatics of the horse, in 

 its relation to the composition of the blood serum of the same animal. They 

 found in each of thirteen experiments a higher concentration of total 

 salts and of sodium chlorid in the lymph, but found the average depression 

 of the freezing point of the lymph to be identical with that of the serum. 

 In dogs, according to Luckhardt, the conductivity of the cervical and 

 thoracic lymph is uniformly higher than that of the serum. 



The reaction of edema fluids is stated by Sorensen and by Bottazzi 

 to be approximately that of blood. Franckel has determined the hydrogen 

 ion concentration in five ascitic fluids, and has found the values for pH 



( log rTT , ) to be 7.41, 7.30, 7.98, 7.47, 7.26, the commonly accepted 

 Li J 



values fof normal blood serum lying between 7.35 and 7.40. Hydrogen 

 ion determinations on edema fluid have also been published by Foa, who 

 reports comparable figures. 



The surface tension of transudates is higher than that of exudates, 

 the difference being ascribed by Trevisan to the difference in globulin 

 content. 



Alt of the enzymes of the plasma may appear in edematous fluids, 

 especially in exudates. Among those which have been identified are 

 Upases, oxidases, proteolytic ferments, and peptid-splitting enzymes. 



Immune bodies, including cytotoxins, hemolysins, bacteriolysins, and 

 agglutinins are found in both transudates and exudates, though usually in 

 greater amounts in the latter. Delrez has studied the biological charac- 

 teristics of transudates and exudates, and has found no hard and fast 

 distinctions between the two. He states that all of the colloids peculiar 

 to the plasma are found in exudates and transudates, in approximately 



