304 ISIDOR GREENWALD 



excess of dextrorotation over that calculated from the reducing power. 

 After hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, this difference disappeared. After 

 fermentation, both rotation and reduction disappeared. The calculated 

 content was 1.5 per cent maltose and 2 per cent glucose. 



The last report represents nearly all that is necessary to a diagnosis 

 of maltosuria. In addition to the determinations made, the osazone should 

 be prepared, recrystallized and melting point, nitrogen content and optical 

 rotation determined. 0.2 gram of osazone is dissolved in 4 c.c. pyridin 

 and 6 c.c. absolute alcohol and observed in a 1 dm. tube. Glucosazone 

 has a rotation of 1 30' and maltosazone of +1 30'. This has not 

 yet been determined for any case of supposed maltosuria. 



According to von Noorden (k) (1907), a reducing substance is fre- 

 quently present in the urine after the ingestion of beer. In some indi- 

 viduals, the drinking of half a liter of beer is followed by the appearance 

 of this reducing substance in the urine. Von Noorden believes the sub- 

 stance to be maltose and ascribes its appearance to a deficiency in maltase 

 in the intestine or in the blood. 



Dextrinuria. A very remarkable urine was recently reported by 

 Gaillard and Fabre. This was obtained from a physician who had been 

 injured by the explosion of a high-explosive shell and who had later 

 developed nervous symptoms indicating, among other things, an involve- 

 ment of the labyrinth. The urine contained a reducing substance, but 

 the dextrorotation was far greater than was to be expected if the reducing 

 substance were glucose. From a sample having an apparent glucose 

 content of 36.7 grams by reduction and of 80.2 grams by rotation, Gaillard 

 and Fabre obtained, by precipitation with alcohol, 3 grams of a dextrin 

 having a specific rotation of + 206 and giving a slight color with iodin. 

 The filtrate still showed a difference between the values for glucose cal- 

 culated from reduction and rotation, but this disappeared after boiling 

 with 'dilute hydrochloric acid. From their results, Gaillard and Fabre 

 calculated that the urine contained 3 grams dextrin, 16.6 grams maltose 

 and 20 grams glucose. 



Kotake(a) had observed the excretion of dextrin in the urine of a dog 

 that had been poisoned with oxyphenlyglyoxylic acid, but had been unable 

 to repeat the observation. Other than this dog and the case of Gaillard 

 and Fabre, there are no well-defined cases of dextrinuria in the literature. 

 A substance resembling dextrin has been obtained from normal and 

 pathological urines but in much smaller amounts and requiring other 

 methods for its isolation. 



Heptosuria. The occurrence of heptose in a diabetic urine was re- 

 ported by Rosenberger. The substance reduced alkaline copper solutions 

 but was non-fermentable and optically inactive. It formed an osazone, 

 the nitrogen content of which indicated it to be a heptosazone, derived 

 from a sugar with seven carbon atoms. This osazone could be converted 



