HUNG] l: AND APPET1T] 



475 



period include an increase in the pulse rate and vasodilatation B 

 comparing plethysmography tracings of the arm volume 

 and stomach contractions, it has been found thai the increase in volume 

 occurs pari passu with the increasing tonus of the stomach, but that it 

 begins to shrink before i he stomach contraction has reached its maximum. 

 Occasionally, however, as in acute hunger, a som< what different rela- 

 tionship obtains, vasoconstriction being more prominent. During i 

 hunger contraction there is also increased salivation, the deg 

 which varies with different individuals. This salivation is indepi 



of the more copious "watering of the mouth" thai a mpanies the 



thought or sight of appetizing food. 



J_ 



1 



\t*hn 



it ttttnttntmi i utittturtrrr 



•xiiJ t :tt s t t:tttz:ttti:iirttmimtu:tuiiititumiittn 



Fig. lo9. — Showing augmentation of the knee-jerk (upper tracing) during the marked hungci 



tractions (lower tracing). (From Carlson.) 



HUNGER DURING STARVATION 



During enforced starvation for long periods of time, it is known 

 that healthy individuals at fust experience intense sensations of bin 

 and appetite, which last however only for a few days, then b< less 



pronounced and finally almost disappear. It is of inten know the 



relationship between these sensations and the hunger contractions in 

 the stomach. This has been investigated by Carlson and Luckhardt, who 

 voluntarily subjected themselves to complete starvation, excepl for the 

 taking of water, for four day- l> ; > ; ■_. ;, greal part of this tin >rds 



of the stomach contractions were taken by the balloon method, and il 

 was found that the tonus of the stomach and also the :" '• y and 



intensity of the hunger contractions became progressively mon 

 - starvation proceeded. Towards the end of the period it was also noted 

 thai incomplete hunger tetanus made its appearance where ordinarily, 

 as in Carlson's case, this type of hunger contraction was infrequ 

 Sensations of hunger were present mi throughout t l iod, 



being therefore probably due to the persistently ine tonus 



onset of a period of hunger 



