BA( il Kl \l. i 3TI0N IN PHI -MM 505 



to forty-eighl hours. Along with the iptoms the uitr< imina- 



tioD by the urine increased by LOO per cent. A very interesting fact is 

 thai animals can.be rendered immune to this : .- by proj ely 



increasing periodic administration. When they are thus immunized, 

 the toxic symptoms <h> not follow upon its injection, nor are the Bymp- 

 toms produced by artificially creating an intestinal obstruction. C 

 tersely, when a chronic toxic condition is kepi up by a partial obstruc- 

 tion, such as that produced by making a gastrojejunal fistula and occlud- 

 ing the duodenum, the animals are less susceptible than normal o 

 proteose injection. 



We have here and there incidentally referred to tht reaction of voric 

 parts of fl" gastrointestinal contents, but we would call attention one 

 again to this important subject, especially since many points of un 

 tainty have recently been cleared up by the accurate observations 

 Long and Fenger," who used the electrometric method for measuring 

 the hydrogen-ion concentration. The contents of the duodenum removed 

 by means of the Rehfuss tube in man showed a reaction varying from dis- 

 tinctly acid to slightly acid, depending upon the proximity of the tube 

 to the pylorus or papilla, this position being determined by x-ray exam- 

 ination. The slighl degree of alkalinity is surprising. Lower down in 

 the duodenum the reaction was as frequently acid as alkaline, the de- 

 gree of acidity, however, being so slighl as to favor rather than retard 

 the digestive powers of the pancreatic juic 



To determine the reaction lower down, the observations weir made on 

 recently slaughtered animals pigs, calves, and lambs . the small u 

 tine being tied off in loops of the upper, middle, and lower thirds. Tl 

 contents of the last loop were often alkaline, hut might be more acid even 



than those of the first, which were usually faintly of this reaction. C 

 siderable variations were, however, the rule. The mixed intestinal con- 

 tents of a recently \'r<\ dog, removed immediately after death, gave 



P,, = fi.70 ; i. e., very faintly acid. 



DIGESTION REFERENC1 - 

 Monographs 



iPavlov, J. P.: The Woi re Glands. Trans, bj sir W. II. I 



Bon, London, Griffin, ed. 2, 1910. 

 81 Ling, E. H.: Ldvai s in the Phyaioli n, \v. 'I'. ! 



Co., Chicago, 1907. 

 anon, vv. B.: The Mechanical F stion, !• 



Londoi ' mold, 191 1. 



'Carlson, A. J.: The Control <>f Bunger in Health and D 

 Press, 1917. 

 Id) T. Wingate: The Clinical Anatoim •. Bdancl 



tor, t"ni\ . Press, 1915. 



