WI'H NT, COMPOSITION, Wl> CHARACTKK "F I'R 







s In 

 A.M. 



A.M. 



j .. .1 

 P.M. 



U t 

 P.M. 



P.M. 







X . . t r i l : 1 1 person 



In Hypertensive Nephritis 



In Myocardial I mpensation 



1.016 I."!'.' 1.012 I. "11 l 1.010 



I. Din L.009 1.010 l."i".. 1.010 



L.018 l.i 'l'ii 1.019 1.018 0.020 L.021 



' 



The proportion of water to total solid- i- often very similar in plasma 

 .•mil urine, bul when water is taken in large quantities the urine sho 

 much greater changes than does the blood, and the solids may sink * 

 very low concentration. On the other hand, when little fluid i> taken or 

 when ili«' skin and bowel eliminate a large amounl of fluid, the urine 

 may become very concentrated withoul any change in the blood plasma. 

 The total solids in urine can 1m- determined with approximate accuri 



by multiplying the last two figures of the -i it:-- gravity by ti 



slant coefficienl 0.233 I Baeser). 



The Depression of Freezing - Point 



While the soli. Is <ii' tin- blood consist, for the mosl part, of proteins 

 and colloids, those "f tin- urine air made up of inorganic salts and small 

 organic molecules. The molecular concentration thai is, the total number 

 of molecules in a given quantity of riuid is under ordinary condil 

 much greater in the urine than in tin' hi 1. The molecular concentra- 

 tion may be determined by the depression of the freezing poinl of a fluid 

 below thai of distilled water (see page 1" . Blood freezes almosl 

 stantly at 0.56 C, while urine may freeze at variations of temperature 

 between 1 C. and 2.5 C; if very concentrated it maj at a 



temperature as low as 5 <'.. or if dilute the freezing poinl may b< 

 high a- 0.075 «'. 



The variability of the freezing poinl and tin- specific gravity of the 

 urine lead us to a consideration of the relationship of the urinary volume 

 to its concentration. In the first place, the volume of water ingested is 

 more frequently than otherwise in excess of the minimum absolutely 

 quired by the body, and is Bubjecl to greater variation than the Bub- 



stance- excreted in the urine. The kidney i- able to eliminate 

 stituent of the plasma Which may he present ill eXCe88 without ilivo]'. 



any changes in others. For example, when salt is a. hied to the and 



excreted in tin- urine, the total chlorides are increased, hut the amount 



of urine ami the other constituents may remain Unchanged; 



may happen, excess i^\ sail leads to an increase in the volui 



urine, hut the salt COI ntratioii remains .nt while that 



other urinary bodies is d< fd. Similarly, although the ra1 



