HIGHER FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBRUM IX MAN: APHASIA v 'd 



forth of one memorj impression is associated with others, and the child 

 comes to 1"' able to associate the appearance or image of the bell with a 

 certain sound ami with certain sensations of hardness, rotundity, etc. This 

 preliminary use of observation is known as p< /•- < pi ion. It involves the 

 fusion of direcl sensations as well as their correlation with memory im- 

 pressions of former sensations. The number and variety of the latter 

 called into activity by a particular sensation will obviously vary at dif- 

 fered times. On seeing a bell, for example, a child may associate it with 

 sound "ii one occasion, and <>n the next with the feeling <>f the bell. On 

 accounl of this difference in the detail of the method of association, it is 

 evident thai perception musl 1"' a producl of cerebral integration rather 

 than one depending on memory impressions stored in the isolated centi 



It is a nplicated process with an infinite variety of possibil the 



exacl way iii which it is integrated on each occasion. 



The act of perception, however, becomes considerably simplified in the 

 higher animals by the laying down of short-cut paths of association. 

 These are formed firsl of all with the auditory center, in which the memory 

 impression of an articulated sound representing the object— for example, 

 the word "bell"- is stored away. The child comes to learn that this par- 

 ticular word is to be associated with the memory impressions it has stored 

 away n? the sound, the sight, and the feeling of tic hell. Similar short -cut 

 paths later become developed in connection with the visual centers, where 

 a certain symbol, like the word '"hell." is presented to the child as signi- 

 fy inir all the other attributes of hell. In its mosl highly developed form, 

 therefore, perception may he described as the act of calling up one <m- 

 more sensorimemorial images when a name is seen or heard. 



Saving acquired the ability i<> integrate sensorimemorial impressions 

 in the above described manner, the child oexl learns to integrate the motor 

 centers concerned in the control of the articulatory apparatus so ; is to 

 produce a sound. This sound is the word indicating the objeel invoh 



in the integrating pr ss. It is the integration necessary to produce the 



sound which symbolizes the particular object. 



When the power of understanding ami producing lan<_'iia'_ r e has been 

 acquired, the crowning process of intellectual development the forma- 

 tion of a concept, or general notion becomes evolved. Thus, the evolu- 

 tion of a genera] name will include a number of particular objeel 

 "This process of conception involves Hie revivification of numerous 

 sorimemorial images which present common points of similarity' Bol- 

 ton). It is relatively a simple process for such genera] object animal, 

 man, building, hut becomes very complex for such abstract 

 heaviness, beauty, etc. it is obviously a proci ss I which m> one cerebral 



