( xxi ) 



The usual payments, Herbage and Pannage, for the use of pasture by 

 cattle and sheep and for feeding the swine in the woods, occur in every 

 manor. 



In addition to these various forms of rent a " tallage " is paid in nearly 

 every manor, but at Taunton a " scutagium " takes its place. This tallage 

 was exceedingly heavy, amounting to little less than the net gabulum. 

 Probably its occurrence in this year is due to the heavy national taxation 

 of the year 1207. 



Akin to the tallage is the sum paid " de redditu annuo" at Wargrave. 

 This seems to have been a regular annual payment over and above the rent. 



Local Dues. — Other payments made to the lord were the " hundred 

 penny," and sums paid in several places " de telonio tabernarii." ' There 

 were also the inevitable " scotales," from which at Sutton as much as 

 Zl. 10s, S\d. was received. 



Peter's pence was presumably paid to the bishop in his ecclesiastical 

 character. It occurs in the accounts of Witney, Downton, Wycombe, and 

 Rimpton.* 



The money payments made by the tenants are thus very considerable 

 in number and amount. The payments in kind are less important. 



2. Fayments in Kind. — "Church scot" (Cheriset) was another payment 

 made to the bishop as representative of the Church. The payment was made 

 partially in money at Downton, Sutton, and Knoyle,^ but it was usually 

 paid in grain ' and in poultry.^ Payments in kind were also made " de 

 redditu." At Waltham 21b. of cummin were due/ two thousand eggs at 

 Clere,' and hens at Witney* and other places. At Downton also forty- 

 seven sheep were rendered " de consuetudine herbagii."'' 



A more important obligation was connected with the lord's fold (Pot- 

 fa Ida). The sheep of the tenants were obliged to lie on the lord's land so 

 that his land and not theirs was enriched by the manure. In several 

 manors money is given by the tenants for the relaxation of this privi- 

 lege.'" 



Multure. — Another right largely exercised by the mediaeval lord was that 

 of obliging his tenants to grind their corn at his mill . There is little trace 

 of any payment for the relaxation of this burden in this Roll. At Hoi way 

 a fine is paid " pro moltura," " and in the accounts of some of the mills we 

 liear of payments as " moltura " which at Flodstoc amounted to 39«. 6d. 

 " in denariis." ** 



A payment is made at Bishops' Hull to be quit of the Bishop's beer," 

 and this may indicate that the Bisho[) claimed a monopoly of brewing as 

 well as of grinding corn. 



3. Payment in Service. — But apart from the payment of rent or dues as 

 above, the tenants also rendered service to the lord, either as manorial 

 officers or as ordinary labourers, in a specified manner. 



Manorial Officers. — In nearly every manor several manorial officers are 

 found. These may be divided into three classes : — (1) Those who held land 



1 p. 1 5, Harwell ; p. 1 6, Witney ; p. 32, Wycombe. Here there is also a payment " de thelonio lini." 



2 pp. 16, 20, 32, and 72. 3 pp. 20, 41, 74. * pp. 3, 10, 12, 15, 45, 49. 

 * p. 58 sq. 6 p. 5. ' p. 8. 



« p. 20. » p. 22. '» pp. 41, 9, 5, 44, 10, Ac. 



" p. 65, 1. 7. " p. 78, 1. 61. " p. 65, L 45, 



