( XXV ) 



4. The Lord^s jurisdiction. — Besides the agricultural services owed by 

 the tenants, they also owed service at the lord's Court, and the fines they 

 there paid formed a profitable source of revenue. Many of these fines 

 are connected with the possession of land. Heavy fines are often paid for 

 heriots and for reliefs^ as well as for admission or to keep possession.^ 

 Other fines are connected with agricultural service ; for failure to attend 

 the lord's work,* or for doing it in an incompetent manner.* But perhaps 

 most of the fines are for trespasses of various kinds, especially on pasture.^ 

 A few concern the keeping of order, breaches of the peace," and making 

 false claims.'' Some are from the whole hundred or tithing, sometimes 

 for concealment ^ of offences, and at other times for an offence not stated, 

 probably non-appearance." Others relate to the disabilities of the villein 

 status. Payment is constantly made for marrying a daughter,^* sometimes 

 for marrying a sister,^^ and fines are exacted for dealing in cattle without 

 leave,^^ or for licence to leave the manor." At Itchingswell a man is fined 

 because his brother left the precaria without licence." 



From the Balance Sheet given in the Appendix it will be seen Crops, 

 that the sale of corn provided one of the most important sources of 

 the Episcopal revenue, being equal to about one-half of the net gabulam, 

 and nearly 16 per cent of the total receipts. In addition to the usual 

 grain crops of wheat, barley, and oats, most of the manors cultivated 

 also a fourth crop, consisting either of mixed corn ("mancom" or mestilo) 

 or of rye {silligo or sigalum). Mestilo seems to have been the Berkshire, 

 Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire name for the crop which was more 

 generally known as " mancorn," i.e., " mang-corn," for each term indicates a 

 mixture. In no instance do both terms appear in the same grange account, 

 and in the case of Wargrave the quantity sold is entered as mestilo in 

 the grange account, and as "mancorn" in the sale account. In most cases 

 it probably consisted of wheat and rye, but only sHght indications are 

 given of the nature of the mixture. 



Rye by itself seems to have been grown as an equivalent crop in the 

 Surrey, Oxfordshire, and Somersetshire manors, and in one case only, 

 viz., the Church of Meon, do both rye and mixed corn appear in the 

 same account. However, it is doubtful whether what is called silligo or 

 sigalum was not itself a mixture, for in the case of Adderbury a small 

 quantity of mestilo bought for seed is entered under rye in the grange 

 account, and in the case of the Taunton mUls the produce of rye is 

 entered in the sale account as rye and barley, presumably a mixture of 

 these grains. 



It is curious that there is no mention of drageum, a mixture of barley 

 and oats, which is of frequent occurrence in mediaeval manorial accounts. 

 It is also worthy of note that no barley was grown in the Somersetshire 

 manors in the previous year, and that in the current year only a few 

 acres were sovm with this grain, possibly by way of experiment. 



I p. 44, et passim. ^ p. 65, 1. 26, et passim. * p. 44, 1. 41. 



* p. 74, 1. 27 ; p. 65, 1. 49. * pp. 52, 53. « " Pro n.ellea,"etc. 



' p. 45, 1. 14 ; p. 65, 1. 17. « p. 65, 1. 33, 41, 47, and p. 66. » p. 47, 1. 16. 



10 This often costs only a shilling (p. 44, 1. 32,), but the sum varies greatly, and at Farnham 

 8*. is paid when a daughter married " extra hundredum " (p. 28, 1. 27). 



II p. 28, 1. 49. i» p. 6, 1. 20. 13 p. 17, 1. 4. " p. 12, 1. 6. 



