( xxviii ) 



millstone for this mill cost 25s. 4>d., including carriage from Southampton, 

 and slates for roofing it were bought for 9^d. The price of millstones 

 varies from 36s. to 13s. 4(i. The river mills seem to have been of the 

 usual type. Each apparently had a pair of horizontal stones, of which 

 the upper was supported by a bail (Mia) on an iron spindle working in a 

 footstep [inka), and was driven by lantern and pin gearing from the wooden 

 spindle of the water wheel. This wheel was carried by arms (brachii) and 

 provided with buckets {alvi), and it was supplied with water by a shoot 

 {alico) from the mill-pond {stagnum). The pond was sometimes stocked 

 with fish, and then served also as a fish-pond (vivarium). At BrightweU 

 young fish (pisciculi) were bought for stocking the fish-pond, and at 

 two of the Winchester mills fish were sold and small amounts were paid 

 for repairing the fisheries. At Taunton 15 sticks of eels were obtained from 

 the fish-pond and mills, and at Twyford 1,100 eels were sold for 9s. 2d. At 

 Taunton, too, payment was made, in connection with the Borough null, for 

 repairing three fishing-nets. 



The produce of the mills, which was doubtless derived as toll from the 

 tenants, consisted chiefly of wheat and mixed corn, but in most cases malt 

 (braseum) and meal [gruellum) also were sold, and in the Taunton mills the 

 former is separated into two different qualities {braseum and contrabraseum) . 

 The average prices of these mill products were : Wheat, 2s. \ld. per 

 quarter ; mixed corn, Is. 4^^. ; meal, 2s. 10c?. ; malt, 2s. 4id. ; and malt of 

 inferior quality, Is. 2d. 



A molindinum ad braseum is mentioned (at Twyford), and it will be 

 observed that malt is a usual product of the mills. As this staple of 

 brewing is not mentioned in any other connection, it is perhaps possible 

 to infer a combination of milling and malting. The function of the 

 crapestre (later crupestre) mill at Winchester is referred to in the Glossary. 



Buildings. — The occasional references in the Eoll to the various farm 

 and other buildings are not sufficient to enable a definite picture of each 

 homestead to be formed, but a consideration of the whole series of entries 

 gives some indication of the nature and arrangement of the buildings of a 

 typical manor. These entries occur under the heading Expensa, and relate 

 almost entirely to roofing and repairing the various houses,^ but a few 

 instances of new houses furnish some information as to their prime cost. 



It is probable that all the buildings were in most cases situated around 

 the courtyard [curia), which, however, appears to have been complete in 

 itself, for it was surrounded by a hedge and a ditch ^ and entered by one 

 or more doors. The ditch was often made at considerable expense, that at 

 Wield costing 8s. Irf., and that at Burghclere 5s. M. At Downton the yard 

 was called a barton (berlona), and a ditch of 22 perches was made in it 

 at the rate of 3^d. per perch. A door to the same barton cost Is. It is 

 likely that all the sheds for animals opened into this barton or court, for 

 the dung produced was stored in it until it was required to be spread on 

 the land. 



The dwelling-house, which in most manors consisted merely of the usual 



hall and chamber {aula and camera or thalamus) probably occupied one side 



of the court, and near it or adjoining it stood the dairy, which was in some 



cases a very simple structure of wood, for a new one at Witney cost only 3s. 



' p. 31, 1. 15. ' p: 31, 1. 16 ; p. 6, 1. 37. 



