( xxix ) 



In the larger manors the larder and kitchen were, no doubt, placed at the 

 same side. The kitchen, too, was often of wood, and, as at Bitterne, was 

 liable to be burnt, but a new one, which was made for the Church of Meon 

 at a cost of 59*. S^d., miist have been of a more substantial character. The 

 chief larder seems to have been at Downton, but there were others at 

 Bishop's Waltham, Witney, and Famham. Under Downton, too, there are 

 entries relating to a pantry, a buttery, and a cellar. 



The house at Marwell, near Twyford, which was used by the bishop as 

 a residence, was much more elaborate than the ordinary manor houses.^ The 

 chamber had been burnt, and it was rebuilt and other parts repaired at a 

 cost of over 10/. This chamber had walls wholly or partially of stone and 

 a timbered roof, and it was furnished with the unusual convenience of a 

 window. The cloisters and the porch of the hall were tiled, and leaden 

 gutters and a chimney were also provided. A chapel is recorded at this 

 place, at Highclere, and at Bitterne. 



The grange seems to have been a large building for storing com in the 

 sheaf, for several of the manors had also a granary for storing grain. Both 

 were surrounded by a ditch.^ Some of the granges must have been sub- 

 stantial stone buildings. The great grange at Mardon cost the large sum 

 of 4il. 5s. 9^d., while a granary at Cheriton was built for 25s. In three other 

 instances the cost of making a new grange was only about 10». 



The sheep-shed (bercaria) was also in many manors an important 

 structure. At Twyford a new one was made for 29s. Id., but in other 

 cases a new one cost only 12s. 8d., 8s. 4id., and 6s. 2d. respectively. This 

 shed, like the court, was enclosed by a hedge and a ditch. The former was 

 formed either with pales and twigs {palce and ramillce),^ or with brushwood 

 {clostura).* At Alresford six hedges were made for 2s. The ditch varied in 

 length in different manors from 114 to 21 perches, but it was dug at the 

 uniform rate of Zd. per perch. The building itself was roofed either with 

 tUes or straw, walled with boards, and provided with a door, which in one 

 case cost Is.^ 



There are fewer entries relating to the cattle-shed (bovaria), and no new 

 one was built, but it was probably similar to the sheep-shed. However, it is 

 possible that in some cases the building was dispensed "with, and its place 

 taken by an open enclosure {preesepe bourn). ^ The hedge was made of poles 

 (virgce).'' 



Nearly every manor has entries relating to the fold {falda), which was 

 made of wattled hurdles. At Mardon 36 hurdles were made and 62 wattled 

 for 2s. \d., while in other cases hurdles were bought at the rate of three or 

 four a penny. 



Occasional references are found to a stable (stabula), a dovecot {colum- 

 baria), a poultry-house {gallinaria), a pigstye {porcaria), a cart-hoiise, and 

 a pound {punfalda). At Downton a new dovecot was built for 22s. ll\d., 

 and at Bishop's Sutton a poultry -house was made for 2s. 3<i., and a pigstye 

 for Is. M. 



Implements. — In each manor there are entries of payments made for 

 the cost of ironwork for the ploughs and carts, and for shoeing the 

 horses, but the amounts vary so much that no useful deduction can be 



1 A few years later a painter was employed to decorate this residence. * p. 82J, 1. 37. 



s p. 53, 1. 41. * p. 82, 1. 36. * p. 50, 1. 54. ^ p 15^ j 37 r p, gQ, 1. 53. 



