LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING 29 



two central nippers appear. At six weeks old two 

 other nippers appear, that is, one on each side of 

 the two central ones. Between the sixth and 

 ninth month two other nippers make their ap- 

 pearance, one on each side of the last ones ; and, 

 as no others make their appearance, these are 

 called the corner nippers, so that at last we have 

 six nippers. Of course, six above and six below. 

 Having thus cut the six teeth (and we are only 

 speaking of one jaw), the foal is as a ' yearhng ' 

 said to have a full mouth. 



19. — During this first year, as might be ex- 

 pected, the nippers vary in appearance ; those 

 cut first coming to maturity first, so that the 

 central teeth which have attained their maturity 

 at two months present a strong contrast to the 

 ones next them at that time, which, as we have 

 seen, are only a fortnight old. When the nippers 

 are first cut, their upper cutting surface is sharp 

 like a knife, and, this surface meeting the surface 

 of the teeth in the other jaw, wears away until 

 the broader part of the -tooth is come upon, and 

 then, instead of a sharp knife-hke edge we get a 

 fiat surface hke a table-top. Every nipper thus 

 changes, ahke in temporary and in permanent 

 teeth. Therefore, at nine months old, or even at 

 twelve months old, whilst the centre nippers and 

 those next to them have more or less well marked 

 flat table-top cutting surfaces, the corner nippers 

 have still shelly knife-hke upper edges. 



The upper surfaces, worn fiat, will be seen to 

 have two distinct colors, but this we may quite 

 disregard in the temporary teeth, and pay atten- 



