LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 47 



the hindmost one, which is turned upside down, 

 moves in the contrary way to the candle. It is 

 therefore evident that if the ^ lens ' is opaque and 

 milky you cannot see the hindmost or inverted 

 image, but you will only see the two foremost 

 upright images. 



The cataract, as we have seen, may not involve 

 the whole lens, but may be just a little speck in 

 any part of it. Of course, if this speck be 

 towards the margin it may not split the light 

 and so be a detriment, but we never can tell how 

 long a small speck of cataract will remain small. 

 With practice you can detect these small specks 

 by the ^catoptric test,' but they are far more 

 easily detected with a little round mirror having 

 a little hole in its centre for you to look through, 

 which forms the reflecting part of every opthal- 

 moscope. Any one can us^ this very simple con- 

 trivance by holding it to his eye and reflecting 

 the rays of a candle into the eye — the candle 

 being held by the side of the head by some one 

 else. 



We have seen that the ^ iris ' from inflamma- 

 tion may become stuck to the lens and so fixed. 

 But the ' iris ' being a moving muscle, sometimes 

 drags and tears itself away, and in so liberating 

 itself, leaves bits of its structure upon the lens, 

 which will also appear like small cataracts. In 

 doing so it sometimes tears the capsule and lets 

 in the watery humor, and so causes cataract. 



This ends our lesson on the eye. It only re- 

 mains for me to advise close attention to what 

 has been said, and to advise the learner to take 



