LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 51 



required, and greatest lightness implies least ma- 

 terial, and with least material it must be dis- 

 posed or shaped according to well-known geo- 

 metrical laws; if you require the three conditions 

 in one, namely, size, strength, and lightness, these 

 geometrical laws are carried out at the expense of 

 room or space if not in one direction, in another. 

 If you refer to Fig. 6, A, you will see a perfect 

 model of hghtness and strength. It is the dia- 

 gramatic representation of a section of a horse's 

 head and jaws carried from above downwards 

 across the head, somewhat below the eyes. The 

 four pieces marked 1 1 1 1, represent four molar 

 teeth or grinders, two in the upper and two in 

 the lower jaw. They have all flat table-top 

 grinding surfaces, the top one meeting a cor- 

 responding bottom one. Those of the lower jaw 

 are set in soUd bone, which is rendered light by 

 being shaped like the letter V, that is to say, 

 having two branches meeting below. The front 

 part in our diagram being removed, we can only 

 see the section of the two parts of the lower jaw 

 each holding a molar. Above the upper jaw are 

 the large passages through which the air passes 

 A X X, and are nearly hoUow and form the back 

 part of the bony nostrils, but the cavities Y Y 

 are only there to aUow of the bone being as light 

 as possible, and as cavities are quite worthless. 

 The upper jaw forms an arch, having substantial 

 buttresses in the molar teeth and their bony 

 sockets, and whose span is of gigantic strength 

 and extremely light from its hollow construc- 

 tion. 



