9^ LESSONS IN HORSE JUDGING. 



but is a small flat part which with its fellow 

 unites the two halves of the bones together. It 

 concerns us here so little that we shall not fur- 

 ther notice it. 



75. — The ^ ilium ' is irregularly T shaped. The 

 two ends of the top of the T are rough and 

 prominent, the external end at 1 more especially 

 so, and is that 'point' in Mark Twain's horse 

 which he hired in the Sandwich Islands, situated 

 behind the saddle on which he hung his hat. 

 The other end of the T at 2 is also rough, but not 

 nearly so prominent, yet it too is conspicuous in 

 some horses. The top of the T is flat and very 

 broad and concave from one end of the top of 

 the T to the other. As it approaches the joint it 

 becomes narrow and nearly round like a long 

 bone, and like a long bone widens out to help to 

 form the joint. 



76. — The ' ischium ' part of bone (between 4 and 

 3) is seen to be quite hke a long bone in its cen- 

 tre in being round and narrow, and widens out in 

 front to help to form the joint, and also widens 

 out behind, and forms a large, rough prominence, 

 3, we see by the side of the root of the tail. 



77. — The ' ilium ' and ' ischium ' being practi- 

 cally all one bone, we will refer to them as such, 

 and call the united stnictitre the ' ilio-ischium.^ 

 The ilio-ischium plays the most important part in 

 the formation of the hind quarters as we shall 

 see. We have seen that it has three points all 

 large and rough, and which give origin to large 

 muscles. Now we find these points extremely 

 useful, indeed indispensable landmarks in judg- 



