54 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



are spoken of as the " moss flower." As already stated the Mosses 

 are both monoecious (Fig. 32, C, D) and dioecious (Fig. 32, A, 

 B), hence a moss flower may contain only one of the sexual 



Fig. 32. Longitudinal sections through tips of leafy branches of mosses. A, show- 

 ing antheridia (a, b) in different stages of development and paraphyses or cell-threads 

 (c), the apical cell of which is spherical and contains chlorophyll, and leaves (d, e); B, 

 showing archegonia (a) and leaves (b); C, section of Bryum showing both archegonia, 

 and antheridia, paraphyses and leaves; D, section of Phascum showing archegonia (ar), 

 antheridia (an), thread-like paraphyses (p), and leaves (b). A, and B, after Sachs; C, 

 after Limpricht; D, after Hofmeister. 



organs or it may contain both. Mosses are also characterized by 

 an abundant vegetative propagation. New branches are devel- 

 oped from the old. " Almost every living cell of a moss can grow 

 out into protonema, and many produce gemmae of the most dif- 



