I30 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



When the divisions of the calyx and corolla remain separate 

 and distinct the latter are spoken of as chorisepalous and chori- 

 PETALOUS, respectively ; but when the divisions are united or 

 coalesced the calyx and corolla are called gamosepalous (syn- 

 sepalous) and gamopetalous (sympetalous), respectively. 



When the divisions of the calyx or corolla are entirely united 

 these elements are said to be entire, and when the divisions are 

 partly united they are spoken of as " toothed," " lobed " or 

 " parted," according to the degree of union. 



In the flowers of the Cruciferse and Caryophyllacese there is a 

 conspicuous stalk to each of the separate petals, which is known 

 as the UNGUIS or cla\\^ ; while the upper outspreading portion is 



Fig. 83. A, longitudinal section through orange flower {Citrus Aurantium) showing 

 stalk (PE); sepals (s); petals (p); stamen with filament (F) and anther (A); compound 

 pistil (composed of united carpels) with stigma (T). style (Y) and superior ovary (O) 

 with ovules; disk or nectary (D). B, longitudinal section of a bud of clove (Caryophyllus) 

 showing inferior ovary (O), style (Y), stamens (F), petals (P), sepals (S), nectary (D). 



known as the lamina or blade. In the gamosepalous calyx and 

 the gamopetalous corolla the lower united portion is known as the 

 TUBE, and the upper outspreading portion as the limb or 

 " border." 



The form of the calyx and corolla is quite characteristic for a 

 number of important families. In tlie Compositae there are two 

 characteristic forms of corolla, namely, the tubular in the disk 

 flowers and the ligulate in the ray flowers : in the PapilionattC 

 the corolla, from its fancied resemblance to a Imtterfly, is de- 

 scribed as PAPILIONACEOUS (Figs. 88; 134, L) : in the Labiatae the 

 petals are united into two lip-like divisions, and the corolla is said 

 to be liiLADiATE (Fig. 84, F). There are two kinds of bilabiate 



