146 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



MEN, as in the prune; and (3) the middle layer situated be- 

 cween the epicarp and endocarp is called the mesocarp; 



(i 



Fig. 89. Different types of fruits. A, silique of mustard showing the separation of 

 the two valves leaving the seeds attached to the central axis; B, spinous capsule of Stra- 

 monium showing septifragal dehiscence into four valves, the capsule being strictly 2- 

 locular but apparently 4-locular owing to the formation of false dissepiments; C. 5-valved 

 capsule of Geranium in which the carpels become detached from one another and roll up- 

 wards remaining attached to the beak-like compound style; D, capsule of Hyoscyamus 

 showing transverse dehiscence by means of a lid (i) and the two loculi containing numerous 

 small seeds; E, fruit of strawberry showing fleshy torus and numerous embedded akenes; 

 F, silicula of shepherd's-purse showing seeds attached to central axis and longitudinal 

 dehiscence of the valves which remain attached below; G, fruit of rose, so-called rose "hip," 

 the akenes being enclosed by the hollow oval torus which shows remains of calyx at the 

 apex; H, multiple fruit of mulberry composed of small drupes, the pulpy portion of each 

 consisting of the fleshy perianth. Adapted from Warming. 



