ISO BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



pea {Pisuiii) and otlier members of the Leguminosaj (Fig. 153). 

 In some cases legumes are jointed or articulated and indehiscent, 

 breaking up at maturity into a number of parts which are dis- 

 persed in much the same manner as samara-fruits, as in Meihomia. 

 Legumes may be not only indehiscent but fleshy, as in Cassia 

 fistula. 



A Nut is an akene-like fruit, the pericarp of which is more 

 or less indurated. Nuts are sometimes subtended (as in acorns) 

 or enclosed (as in chestnuts) by a kind of involucre, forming 

 what is technically known as a cupule ; and a fruit consisting of a 

 nut and cupule is known as a Glans. The akene-like fruit of 

 the Labiatse is spoken of as a Nutlet. 



A Pepo is an inferior berry, in which the placentas have 

 become developed into succulent layers, as in the watermelon, 

 cucumber and colocynth (Fig. 254). 



A Pod is a general term used to designate all dry, dehi- 

 scent, apocarpous or syncarpous fruits, as capsules, follicles and 

 legumes. 



A Pome is an indehiscent, half-inferior, fleshy, syncarpous 

 fruit, as in the apple. The carpels constitute the core and the 

 fleshy part is developed from the torus (Fig. 86, C). 



A Samara is a winged, akene-like fruit. The winged 

 appendage may be at the apex, as in white ash, or around the edge, 

 as in elm. Two samaras may be united into one fruit, which is 

 called a " double samara " as in maple. 



A Silique is a narrow, elongated, 2-valved capsule which is 

 separated by the formation of a false dissepiment into two locules, 

 as in the Cruciferse (Fig. 89, A). 



A Sorosis is a fleshy fruit resulting from the aggregation 

 of the carpels of several flowers, as in mulberry (Fig. 89. H) 

 and pineapple. 



A Strobile or cone is a scaly fruit, at the base of each scale 

 of which there is either a seed, as in the Conifers, or an akene-like 

 body, as in hop (Fig. 136). 



A Syconium consists of a succulent hollow torus, which 

 encloses a number of akene-like bodies, as in the fig (Ficus). 



An Utricle is an inferior akene with a thin and loose pericarp, 

 as in Chenopodimn. 



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