CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 289 



leaflets are ovate or cuneate, and densely pubescent, as are also 

 the young shoots. The inflorescence consists of two to five 

 flowers, the petals of which are white or pinkish. Tlie fruit is 

 oblong, more or less cylindrical, and sometimes 20 mm.- long. 



Rubiis Idcrits or the cultivated European red-raspberry is a 

 shrub with a glaucous, bristly stem and with 3- to 7-foliate leaves. 

 The flowers are white and the red fruit consists of a cap-like col- 

 lection of hairy drupelets which is easily detached from the non- 

 fleshy receptacle. The fruit is used in the preparation of S)ru]) 

 of raspberry which is used for flavoring. There are a number of 

 varieties of this species of raspberry in cultivation, the fruits of 

 which vary in color from crimson, brown, or yellow to nearly 

 white. The fine flavored but watery fruit of the wild red-rasp- 

 berry (R. strigosus) is sometimes substituted for the fruit of 

 Rubits Idcciis. 



Rosa gallica which yields the red rose-petals, official in a num- 

 ber of the pharmacopceias (p. 557) , is a native of Southern Europe 

 and is extensively cultivated. 



Rosa centifolia which is now known only in cultivation, and 

 of which there are a large number of varieties, is distinguished by 

 its glandular leaflets, and its pale red or pink petals. The cone- 

 like collection of petals of the flower-bud is the part which is used 

 in medicine, but it is deficient in coloring principles and fragrance 

 as compared to Rosa gallica. 



Rosa damascena, the petals of which \ield the oil of rose or 

 attar of rose, is extensively cultivated in Bulgaria and to some 

 extent in France and Germany. It flov/ers very profusely, and 

 the }ield of oil is about 0.02 per cent. . The oil consists of a crys- 

 tallizable hydrocarbon known as rose-camphor which is odorless, 

 and a liquid portion consisting of geraniol, 1-citronellol, 1-lina- 

 lool, citral, n-nonyllic aldehyde and phenyl ethyl alcohol. Similar 

 oils are obtained from other species of Rosa growing in N'orthern 

 Africa, Abyssinia and Northern India, as R. moschata. and R. 

 sent pcnir ens. 



The fruits of wild brier (Rosa caiiina) naturalized from 

 Europe as well as of other species of Rosa (R. pouiifcra and R. 

 rugosa), contain considerable malic and citric acids and fruit- 

 sugars, and are made into a confection by boiling with syrup. 



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