CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 335 



ophylline (an isomer of theobromine) ; 10 to 20 per cent, of gallo- 

 tannic acid ; quercitrin, and a volatile oil containing among other 

 components, methyl salicylate. The seeds contain about 30 per 

 cent, of fixed oil. i per cent, of caffeine, and saponin. The leaves 

 furnish one of the sources of the official caffeine. Saponin is 

 found in the seeds of Thca Sassanqua of China and Japan. Two 

 saponin-like substances (assamin and assaminic acid) are found 

 in the seeds of Thca assaniica. The flowers of T. Sassanqua are 

 used in Chiin and Japan to flavor teas. The flowers and leaves 

 of I'lica kissi are used as an insecticide. The red colored sap of 

 Laplacca Hccmatoxylon of New Granada is used in medicine. 



d. GGTTIFErIe or gamboge FAMILY. The plants 

 are principally shrubs and trees of the Tropics, that is, if we 

 exclude the Hypericaceae which are now put in a group by 

 themselves. 



Garcinia Hanhuryi is a tree with ovate, petiolate, coriaceous, 

 opposite leaves. The flowers are small, yellow, dioecious, occur- 

 ring in small clusters in the axils of the leaves. The fruit is a 

 pome-like berry, with a papery cndocarp and an oily sarcocarp, 

 and 3 or 4 seeds, I in each loculus (Fig. 168). The trees are 

 chiefly valued on account of the gum-resin known as gamboge 

 (p. 648), which they contain. 



A resin used in making plasters is obtained from Calophyllum 

 brasUiensc of Brazil. Balsams resembling Copaiba have been 

 obtained from Calophyllum Calaba of the West Indies. Balsams 

 known as Tacamahac are also derived from the following plants: 

 Bourbon Tacamahac from Calophyllum Tacamahaca, India Taca- 

 mahac from C. apctalum and Brazilian Tacamahac from Rhcedia 

 Madruiuw. Balsams are also obtained from Caralpa o-raudiflora 

 of r.razil, and Rhcedia acuminata of Peru. 'Resins and balsams 

 are obtained from a number of species of Chtsia. 



A yellow coloring principle, mangostin, is obtained from the 

 bark and fruit of ^langosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) of the East 

 Indies. Yellow coloring principles are found in Ochrocarpus 

 lougifolius of India and Vismia acuminata of South America. 

 Tannin occurs in Mahurea palustris of Brazil, Mcsua fcrrea of 

 the East Indies, the flower-bud? of Ochrocarpus longifolius of 

 India, and several species of Cratoxylujn of China and Java. 



