354 BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



A large number of the plants belonging to the Umbelliferse 

 contain essential oils, resins, gum-resins and related substances. 

 The gum-resin ammoniac is an exudation found on the stem and 

 branches of Doreuia Animoniacum and other species of Dorema 

 as a result of the sting of an insect. The plant is found in Western 

 Asia. The gum-resin occurs in yellowish-brown, globular, or 

 somewhat flattened tears which are brittle, milky-white internally, 

 with a distinct balsamic odor and bitter, acrid, nauseous taste. It 

 contains a small quantity of volatile oil having the odor of 

 Angelica. African ammoniac is obtained from Ferula tingitana 

 growing in Northern Africa and Western Asia. 



The gum-resin galbanujni is obtained by incising the root of 

 Ferula galbanifnla and other species of Ferula growing in the 

 Levant. Galbanum occurs in pale yellowish-brown agglutinated 

 tears, forming a more or less hard mass, \vhich is brittle when 

 cold but soft and sticky at 37 C. ; the odor is distinct, balsamic ; 

 the taste bitter and acrid. It contains from 10 to 20 per cent, of a 

 volatile oil coniposed of d-pinene, cadinene, and other principles. 



A volatile oil, known as Ajowan oil, and containing thvmol, 

 is obtained from the fruit of Carum Ajozvan of Europe, Asia and 

 Africa. A volatile oil containing apiol is found in the fruit and 

 leaves of the garden parsley {PctroscUnum sathum). Dill oil 

 is obtained from the garden Dill {Ancthum gravcolens) . The 

 fruit of Sweet cicely (PVashiiigfonia loiigistylis) yields a volatile 

 oil knowm as sweet anise oil, which contains anethol. The o!I 

 of water fennel {CEnanthe Phellandri) contains about 80 per cent, 

 of phellandrene. Cumin oil is obtained from Cnminnm Cyminiim 

 of Turkestan and Egypt, and contains cymene. 



The roots of a number of the plants of this family contain 

 volatile oils, as Lovage {Levisticum officinale) of Southern 

 Europe; European angelica or garden angelica (Angelica Arch- 

 angelica) ; American angelica or the purple-stemmed angelica 

 (A. atropurpurca) found in the Northern and Eastern United 

 States and Canada ; Wild angelica {A. svlvestris) of Europe. 



c. CORNACE^ OR DOGWOOD FAMILY. The plants 

 are shrubs or trees with simple, opposite leaves, and flowers in 

 cymes or heads, which in the case of the Flowering dogwood 



