CRUDE DRUGS. 445 



II. Rhizomes that are Root-like. Continued. 



B. Periderm present. 



Tuber-like Aconitum 



Cylindrical, fracture tough, wood whitish Gelsemium 



Cylindrical pieces, tough, wood yellowish Berberis 



Annulate above, odor characteristic Gentiana 



Fibrous, taste sweetish Glycyrrhiza (Spanish) 



III. True Rhizomes. 



1. Filices See Aspidium 



2. Monocotyledons. 



A. Periderm removed Zingiber 



B. Periderm present. 



a. Rhizome and roots. 



a Horizontal in growth. 



Light brown, few roots Convallaria 



Dark brown with densely matted 



roots Cypripedium 



Small pieces, grass-like, hollow 



in the center Triticum 



^ Rhizome upright Veratrum Viride 



b. Rhizome without roots Calamus 



3. Dicotyledons. 



a. Rhizome with roots. 



a Rhizome horizontal. 



Numerous upright or curved branches 



and few roots Cimicif uga 



Internally deep yellow Hydrastis 



Light brown and with numerous coarse 



roots Leptandra 



/3 Rhizome oblique. 



Odor terebinthinate Serpentaria 



Odor aromatic Spigelia 



7 Rhizome upright Valeriana 



b. Rhizome without roots. 



a Entire rhizomes. 



Tuberculate Geranium 



Prominent seal-like stem-scars Podophyllum 



Internally with reddish resin cells Sanguinaria 



/3 Longitudinal pieces Scopola 



IV. Corm. 



Transverse reniform disks Colchici Cormus 



V. Bulb. 



Narrow, light yellow pieces Scilla 



