CRUDE DRUGS. 



459 



alcohol and the other in chloroform; a waxy substance, taraxa- 

 cerin ; 24 per cent, of inuHn ; and about 5 per cent, of ash. 



CALUMBA. COLUMBO. The root of Jateorhiza palmata 

 (Fam. Menispermacese), a perennial herbaceous climber, native of 



^ _ In' 



D 



Fig. 198. Calumba: A, transverse section showing bark (R), cambium (C), and 

 wood (H), wood fibers (II), tracheae (g), periderm (Pe) and sieve (s); B, longitudinal 

 section of periderm showing parenchyma (p), small-celled cork (k) and large-celled cork 

 (k^); C, transverse section near cambium showing tracheae (g, g), intermediate fiber (f) 

 cambium (c), parenchyma (p) and sieve cell (s); D, stone cell from the periderm contain- 

 ing calcium oxalate. After Meyer. 



the forests of Eastern Africa (p. 274). The large, fleshy roots 

 are collected in the dry season, cut into transverse pieces, dried 

 and exported by way of Zanzibar and Bombay. 



Description. In nearly circular or elliptical disks, some- 

 times irregularly bent, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter, 2 to 10 mm. thick ; 



