520 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



cinchonidine and homocinchonidine. Of the other alkaloids which 

 have been isolated the following' may be mentioned : Conquina- 

 mine, paranine, paricine and quinamidine. Among the other 



6 



Fig. 227. A, transverse section of red cinchona: K, cork; Ca, cryptociystalline crystals 

 of calcium oxalate; P, parenchyma containing starch; L, latex cells containing gum, resin 

 and tannin; MR, medullary rays; BF, bast fibers; S, sieve. B, longitudinal section of 

 same showing two bast fibers surrounded by parenchyma cells. 



constituents of Cinchona are: Kinic acid from 5 to 9 per cent., 

 which forms colorless rhombic prisms and yields a sublimate con- 

 sisting- of golden crystals of kinone (quinone) on treatment with 

 manganese peroxide and sulphuric acid; kinovin (quinovin) an 



