526 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



Stem Bark. In transversely curved pieces, or irregular 

 oblong chips, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, 0.5 

 to 1.5 mm. thick; outer surface brownish-red or grayish-brown, 

 longitudinally wrinkled, periderm occasionally exfoliated, with 

 occasional grayish patches of foliaceous lichens and numerous 



K -: 



H- 

 CA- 



CF- 

 ST- 



s- 



M- 

 C- - 



w- 



Fig. 230. Hamamelis virginiana: A, Transverse section of twig: K, cork; H, cells 

 of hypodermis with simple pores, the cells containing chloroplasts and small starch grains", 

 Ca, calcium oxalate crystals; Cf, crystal fibers; F, bast fibers with thick, strongly ligni- 

 fied walls; S, sieve cells; M, medullary rays; C, cambium; W, wood fibers; T, trachea;. B, 

 tangential section of a twig showing stone cells (St), crystal fibers (Cf), and thick- walled 

 bast fibers. 



lenticels ; inner surface yellowish- or reddish-brown, longitud- 

 inally striate ; fracture short, periderm brownish-red, inner bark 

 with numerous light yellow groups of stone cells ; odor slight ; 

 taste astringent and bitter. 



Root Bark. Somewhat resembling the stem bark, but 

 smoother externally, without lichens and having fewer lenticels. 



