CRUDE DRUGS. 591 



rcgligiosa, of India ; F. glomerata, of Burmah ; the false banyan 

 tree, F. bcngalcnsis, of tropical Africa and India; and F. Rnm- 

 phii, of Asia. 



A peptonizing ferment is obtained from the milk- juice of 

 Ficus Carica, F. Sycomorus, of Africa, and F. exima, of Brazil. 



When figs are dried, roasted and ground they form a coffee 

 substitute kown as Fig Coffee^ which is also used sometimes as 

 an adulterant of coffee. It is detected by the large, thin-walled 

 and broad non-glandular hairs of the outer epidermis ; the broad 

 latex-tubes, 30 to 50 ix wide, and the small akenes. The latter 

 somewhat resemble the akenes of strawberry fruits, but are dis- 

 tinguished by the reticulated thickening of the outer cell-wall. 



AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. SWEET ORANGE 

 PEEL. The outer layer of the rind of the fresh fruit of 

 Citrus Aiirantium sinensis (Earn. Rutaceae), a tree quite exten- 

 sively cultivated in sub-tropical countries and warm-temperate 

 regions (p. 306). The outer yellowish layer is the part employed, 

 and is usually removed from the fruit by grating. The dried 

 rind is an article of commerce. 



Description. Cut into small pieces or shreds, externally 

 orange-yellow, with numerous circular depressions and numerous 

 large oil-secretion reservoirs ; texture coriaceous, tough ; soft 

 when fresh ; odor aromatic ; taste slightly bitter. 



Constituents. Resembling those of bitter orange peel, 

 except that there is but a very small quantity of the bitter prin- 

 ciple. The volatile oil which exists in large reservoirs beneath 

 the epidermis is obtained by expression from the fresh peel and is 

 offfcial. It consists of about 90 per cent, of d-limonene and 5 per 

 cent, of citral, citronellal and the methvl ester of anthranylic acid. 



LIMONIS CORTEX. lemon' PEEL. The rind of the 

 fresh fruit of Citrus uicdica Limonum (Earn. Rutacese), a tree 

 (p. 308) indigenous to Northern India and cultivated in the 

 European countries bordering the Mediterranean, the West Indies 

 and other tropical and sub-tropical countries. The outer yel- 

 lowish layer is the part used and it is removed by grating. 



Description. In freshly grated, lemon-yellow fragments, 

 with numerous large oil-secretion reserv^oirs and oil-globules ; 

 odor aromatic ; taste aromatic and slightly bitter. 



