CRUDE DRUGS. 603 



rous ; under surface yellowish-green, longitudinally striate ; both 

 surfaces papillose ; petiole about i mm. long ; texture coriaceous ; 

 odor and taste distinct, aromatic (Fig. 158). 



Long Buchu. Linear-lanceolate, 25 to 40 mm. long, 4 to 6 

 mm. broad ; margin sharply serrate and glandular ; apex some- 

 what rounded or truncate. 



Constituents. Short buchu contains about 1.2 to 1.45 per 

 cent, of volatile oil, of which about 30 per cent, is the crystalline 

 body diosphenol ; long buchu contains only about one-third as 

 much volatile oil and it contains little or no diosphenol ; buchu also 

 contains two crystalline glucosides, diosmin and hesperidin (see 

 Aurantii Amari Cortex) ; mucilage and calcium oxalate. 



Allied Plants. The leaves of Barosma crenulata are occa- 

 sionally found in the market ; they are ovate, obovate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, about twice as broad as long buchu, with slightly 

 toothed and glandular margin, more or less rounded apex, and 

 yield 1.6 per cent, of volatile oil resembling that of short buchu. 



Adulterants. The leaves of Emplcuruni cnsatmn (Fam. 

 Rutaceae) have been offered for long buchu. (See Fig. 259.) 

 They have a bitter taste and yield about i per cent, of a volatile 

 oil which does not contain a crystalline principle. 



The trifoliate leaves of Psoralca obliqna are obtained from 

 a South African shrub. The leaflets are oblique or unequal-sided, 

 dentate, bitter, glandular and have numerous simple hairs. 



Karoo Buchu is derived from Diosma succulenta, of South 

 Africa. The leaves are ovate, 3 to 6 mm. long, coriaceous, obtuse 

 and slightly recurved at the apex. They yield an oil with a 

 peppermint-like odor containing diosphenol, and 26 per cent, of 

 extractive. The leaves of aniseed buchu '{B. pulchella) are 

 smaller than those of B. betulina and have an odor of citronella. 



CHIMAPHILA. PIPSISSEWA. The dried leaves of 

 CJiimaphila iimbeUata (Fam. Ericaceae), a perennial herb (p. 

 355) indigenous to the United States and Southern Canada and 

 Northern Europe and Siberia. 



Description. Lanceolate or oblanceolate. 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 

 8 to 18 mm. broad; apex obtuse or acute; base acute or cuneate; 

 margin sharply serrate; upper surface dark green, not mottled, 

 glabrous, shiny ; midrib and veins depressed, the latter diverging 



