626 BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



face yellowish- or brownish-green, midrib prominent, reticulate, 

 very tomentose, with glistening yellow resin masses. Flowers in 

 large cymose panicles; heads lo- to 15-flowered, about 5 mm. 

 long, torus flat ; involucre light green, oblong, the scales imbri- 

 cate, linear-lanceolate, hairy ; corolla 5-toothed, whitish ; anthers 

 purplish, included ; style deeply cleft, much exserted. Akenes 

 5-angled, pappus consisting of a single row of about twenty 

 rough bristles. Odor aromatic. Taste bitter. 



Constituents. Volatile oil ; a bitter, crystalline glucoside 

 eupatorin ; resin ; a crystalline wax ; a glucosidal coloring prin- 

 ciple related to tannin but crystallizing in small yellow needles, 

 and giving an orange-red precipitate with lead acetate solution; 

 a glucosidal tannin, which is colored deep green with ferric chlor- 

 ide and gives a yellow precipitate with lead acetate solution ; gallic 

 acid ; ash 7.5 to 9.9 per cent. 



Allied Plants. Purple boneset or Joe-pye weed {Eupa- 

 torium purpureum) , a common herb (Fig. 270) in low grounds 

 in Eastern and Central North America, is a tall stout herb, with 

 oblong-lanceolate leaves, 3 to 6 in a whorl and light purplish-red 

 flowers in dense corymbs. Purple boneset contains a volatile oil, 

 0.07 per cent. ; a yellow crystalline principle euparin, which some- 

 what resembles quercitrin ; resin, 0.25 per cent. ; calcium oxalate, 

 1.82 per cent.; and ash, 14 per cent. Dog-fennel {E. fcciiicula- 

 ceiim), a perennial herb, with alternate, i- to 2-pinnately parted 

 leaves and white flowers, which is common in the Southern States, 

 yields a volatile oil which contains considerable phellandrene. 



The root of Enpatorium perfoliatnm contains about 5 per 

 cent, of inulin. 



GRINDELIA. The leaves and flowering tops of Grtndelia 

 rohusta and Grindelia sqiiarrosa (Fam. Compositge), perennial 

 herbs (p. 393) indigenous to Western North America, G. rohusta, 

 growing west of the Rocky Mountains, and G. squarrosa. east- 

 ward therefrom as far as the Mississippi. Grindelia is collected 

 in early summer when the leaves and tops are covered with a 

 resinous exudation, and dried. 



Grindelia Robusta. Stem cylindrical, lemon-yellow or rose- 

 colored, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, longitudinally wrinkled, gland- 

 ular-hairy, nearly glabrous, resinous ; internodes 8 to 35 mm. long. 



