POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 701 



Not more than 10 /^ in diameter: Uva ursi (Fig. 300, D). 



Not more than 20 m in diameter: Frangula (Fig. 228), glycyrrhiza 

 (Figs. 104, 282, B), hamamelis, hsematoxylon, quercus alba (Fig. 300, 

 B, F) and rhamnus purshiana (Figs. 229a, 304). 



Not more than 30 /^ in diameter: Prunus virginiana. 



About 35 m in diameter: Quillaja (Figs. 315; 281, C; 300, G). 



4. CRYSTALS IN RAPHIDES. 



Raphides are found in the following drugs, and of the length 



given with each : 



Belladonnae folia (occasionally) (Figs. 285, K; 287, C) ; cinnamomum, 

 about 5 M (Figs. 224, 225, 305) ; convallaria, about 45 m; cypripedium, about 

 40 /i; ipecacuanha, 20 to 40 m (Figs. 203, 291) ; Phytolacca, about 30 /*; 

 sarsaparilla, 6 to 8 A^ (Figs. 193, 194) ; scilla, o.i to i.o mm. (Fig. 281, 5) ; 

 vanilla, about 400 M (Figs. 256; 285, G; 313) ; veratrum viride, about 45 /* 

 (Figs. 215, 216). 



S. SPHENOIDAL MICRO-CRYSTALS. 



Sphenoidal micro-crystals are found in the following drugs : 

 Belladonnae folia (Fig. 287, C), belladonnae radix (Fig. 281, D), cin- 

 chona (Figs. 227, 307), dulcamara, Phytolacca, quassia, solanum caroli- 

 nense and tabacum. 



6. MEMBRANE CRYSTALS. 



Membrane crystals are found in the following drugs : 

 Aurantii amari cortex, 15 to 20 M, and aurantii dulcis cortex, 20 to 30 M. 



B. DRUGS WITHOUT CALCIUM OXALATE. 



In the following drugs, calcium oxalate crystals are either 

 wanting entirely or so few as to be without any diagnostic value : 



Aconitum, apocynum (Fig. 202), arnica (Fig. 241), capsicum (Figs. 

 252; 301, C), chirata, cimicifuga, colchici cormus, colchici semen, colo- 

 cynthis, cubeba (Fig. 250), digitalis (Figs. 266; 284, E; 285, D ; 287, A), 

 eupatorium, gentiana (Fig. 300, A), grindelia, hydrastis (Figs. 219, 292), 

 lappa, leptandra, linum (Figs. 184, 293), lobelia, marrubium, mentha 

 piperita, mentha viridis, mezereum, myristica, nux vomica (Figs. 283, B; 

 318), pareira, physostigma, piper (Fig. 311), podophyllum (Fig. 223), 

 rhus glabra (Fig. 285, /), rosa gallica, sabina, sanguinaria, santonica 

 (Fig. 240), sassafras (Fig. 236), senega, serpentaria, sinapis alba (Figs. 

 294; 302, E, F), sinapis nigra (Fig. 295), spigelia, staphisagria, strophan- 

 thus (Figs. 186; 284, A; 306), sumbul, Valeriana and zingiber (Fig. 212). 



