POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 725 



long-itudinally striate ; mesophyll with irregular, yellowish-brown 

 tannin masses; characteristic sclerenchymatous fibers (Fig. 

 300, D). 



C. CALCIUM OXALATE IN CRYSTAL FIBERS. 



2T,. GRANATUM. Dark green (Fig. 234), crystal fibers 

 containing calcium oxalate in rosette aggregates and monoclinic 

 prisms, about 15 /* in diameter; sclerenchymatous cells non- 

 lignified, thick-walled, with distinct lamellae, simple, more or 

 less branching pores ; starch grains spherical, 5 to 7 /x in diameter ; 

 some parenchymatous cells with marked centripetal thickenings, 

 others with irregular tannin masses. The powder of the root 

 bark is free from chloroplastids ; the cork cells are more numerous 

 and the sclerenchymatous cells more irregular in shape. 



24. UVA URSL (See No. 22.) 



D. CALCIUM OXALATE IN SPHENOIDAL MICRO-CRYSTALS. 



a. WITH HAIRS. 



25. BELLADONNA FOLIA. Dark green (Fig. 287, C) ; 

 calcium oxalate in sphenoidal micro-crystals ; non-glandular hairs 

 few, simple, 2- to 5-celled ; glandular hairs few, of two kinds, 

 stalks one- to three-celled, glandular heads one- to many-celled 

 (Fig. 285, K). 



26. TABACUM. Greenish-brown ; non-glandular hairs, 3- to 

 6-celled, with a broad basal cell and not infrequently branching 

 apical cells ; glandular hairs of two kinds, either with a i-celled 

 stalk or 3- to 5-celled stalk, the head in each case being rather 

 small and with 8 to 9 cells ; stomata large and with 2 or 3 neigh- 

 boring cells; epidermal cells striated and somewhat granular on 

 surface view ; the cells of the mesophyll with a greenish-brown 

 content, and some of them with sphenoidal micro-crystals. The 

 following leaves have been used as adulterants: Chestnut (see 

 No. 11), cherry (see No. 8), rose, melilot, cabbage, chicory, 

 beet, and lappa. In the manufacture of plug tobacco various other 

 substances are added; as, licorice (Figs. 104; 204; 282, B), 



