POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 735 



52. FRANGULA. Yellowish-brown (Fig. 228); bast fibers 

 lignified, much thickened, with numerous pores ; crystal fibers 

 containing small monoclinic prisms of calcium oxalate; calcium 

 oxalate also in rosette aggregates or monoclinic prisms, 5 to 20 /u 

 in diameter ; starch grains nearly spherical, about 4 fi in diameter, 

 not numerous ; parenchymatous cells with yellowish contents col- 

 ored red by alkalies. 



53. GELSEMIUAL Dark yellow (Fig. 208) ; trachea with 

 simple pores ; sclerenchymatous fibers long, narrow, lignified ; 

 starch grains spherical, from 4 to 8 /* in diameter ; calcium oxalate 

 in monoclinic prisms 15 to 30 /x in diameter. In the powder of 

 the overground stem collenchymatous cells containing chloro- 

 plastids occur (Fig. 208, A). 



54. QUASSIA. Light yellow (Fig. 239) ; tracheae large, 

 with bordered pores ; sclerenchymatous fibers long, thin-walled 

 and with oblique pores ; medullary rays with calcium oxalate in 

 monoclinic prisms or in cryptocrystalline crystals, or with few 

 spherical starch grains. When bark of the wood is present a few 

 stone cells and cork cells are also present. In the bark of Surinam 

 quassia stone cells are numerous. (See also Fig. 299, C.) 



y In Crystal Fibers. 



55. GLYCYRRHIZA (SPANISH). Bright yellow (Figs. 

 104; 204; 282, B) ; sclerenchymatous fibers numerous; crystal 

 fibers containing monoclinic prisms of calcium oxalate ; starch 

 grains somewhat spherical, 2 to 20 ;, in diameter ; fragments of 

 cork. The aqueous extract amounts to about 30 per cent. 



56. GLYCYRRHIZA (RUSSIAN). Bright yellow; con- 

 taining few or no fragments of cork; taste not so bitter as that 

 of Spanish licorice. 



S In Raphidcs. 



57. IPECACUANHA. Dark yellow (Figs. 203; 291; 299, 

 A) ; tracheids with simple oblique or bordered pores, sometimes 

 containing starch grains ; calcium oxalate in raphides 20 to 40 /a 

 long; starch grains ellipsoidal, 4 to 14 /a in diameter, single or 

 2- to 4-compound. In Carthagena ipecac the starch grains are 

 uniformly larger, 4 to 15 /<, in diameter. 



