7Z^ 



BOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. 



Substitutes of Ipecac. The root of Richardsonia scahra 

 has simple and compound starch grains from 20 to 40 fx in diam- 

 eter ; the root of Triostcuin perfoliatnm and the bark of Nar- 

 egamia alata contain starch grains and rosette aggregates of 

 calcium oxalate, the latter containing in addition orange-red secre- 

 tion cells; the root of Hctcroptcris panciflora (Fam. Malpigh- 

 iacese) is free from starch but contains rosette aggregates of 

 calcium oxalate, brown pigment cells and stone cells. 



Fig. 291. Rio ipecac: T, tracheids; P, parenchyma contrinmg starch; S, starch 

 grains; Ca, raphides of calcium oxalate. 



58. PHYTOLACCA. Dark yellow ; sternutatory ; fragments 

 with long sclerenchymatous fibers and large scalariform tracheae ; 

 starch grains 7 to 18 /* in diameter ; calcium oxalate in raphides 

 30 fx. long, or in cryptocrystalline crystals (Figs. 191, 200). 



59. VERATRUM. Yellowish-brown (Figs. 215, 216) ; ster- 

 nutatory ; tracheae slightly lignified. scalariform or reticulate ; 

 sclerenchymatous fibers thin-walled, narrow, slightly lignified ; 

 calcium oxalate in raphides 45 /x long; starch grains nearly ellip- 



