POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 



761 



The powder of Cassia buds (flowers of Cinnauwmum Cassia) 

 is characterized by numerous thick-walled, irregularly curved 

 simple hairs ; fragments of reticulate and scalariform tracheae ; 

 and broad, blunt bast fibers. 



131. SARSAPARILLA. Dark brown (Figs. 193, 194) ; 

 sclerenchymatous fibers very thick-walled, somewhat lignified ; 

 tracheae large, strongly lignified, scalariform, reticulate, and with 

 simple pores ; the walls of endodermis and hypodermis variously 

 thickened ; starch grains somewhat spherical, 7 to 20 )u, in diameter. 



Fig. 305. Cassia cinnamon: st, stp, stone cells; pr, bp, parenchyma containing 

 starch grains; bf, bast fibers; P, cork cells with lignified walls. Numerous simple and 

 compound starch grains are shown at the left and among the fragments of tissues. After 

 Moeller. 



single or 2- to 4-compound ; calcium oxalate in raphides 6 to 8 /x 

 long. It is distinguished from American Sarsaparilla, yielded by 

 Aralia nudicaiilis, in that the latter has rosette aggregates of 

 calcium oxalate 35 to 80 ix in diameter (Fig. 192). 



132. CONVALLARIA. Dark brown (Fig. 114); calcium 

 oxalate in raphides about 45 /x long; starch grains somewhat 

 spherical, 3 to 12 /x in diameter, single or 2- to 4-compound ; 

 tracheae spiral or scalariform ; sclerenchymatous fibers long, thin- 

 walled, with simple pores ; endodermis with inner walls much 

 thickened. 



